Google Patents (run 2, 2026-10-03): retry of a site blocked in run 1

Site: https://patents.google.com (patent pages /patent/{number}/en; search endpoint /xhr/query?url=...). Access: run 1 got an anti-bot page / HTTP 503. In run 2, scripted requests worked at first (about 25 pages and 15 searches), then hit HTTP 503 rate limiting. The rest was read in Chrome, which worked throughout. Result: positive. Copies are in files/google-patents/: kassner-us-forward-citations.txt (forward citations of every Kassner US, GB, FR, DE and CH member), assignee-inventor-searches.txt (all search results, transcribed), and the description text of DE1128930B, CH250508A, CH254655A, US2415025A, US2495429A and US3095359A.

Queries tried

• Patent pages: US2089966A, US2109843A, US2094602A, US2096459A, US1951731A, US2104697A, US2558568A, GB417501A, GB417564A, GB483062A, GB448417A, GB448418A, GB448419A, GB448494A, GB383508A, GB435643A, FR786294A, DE661695C, CH169177A, DE1128930B, CH250508A, CH254655A, FR926351A, US2415025A, GR2381B, FR672132A, AT148784B, GB624409A, GB599193A, US2495429A, US2833657A, US3095359A, US2463569A, GB2120008B, US2190668A
• Searches: inventor=Kassner (before 1960), inventor=Ernst Eduard Wilhelm Kassner, inventor=Ernst E W Kassner, inventor=Kassner Ernst (before 1960), assignee=Ternion, assignee=Vibranic, assignee=Universal Inventions (before 1945), assignee=Dipol (before 1945), assignee=General Infra, inventor=Grell (before 1960), inventor=Giodvad, assignee=Grell (before 1960), inventor=Wiegner (before 1950), inventor=Bauch (before 1960), q=Ternion (503)
• Google web search (Chrome): "Ernst Eduard Wilhelm Kassner"

Findings (all [web], https://patents.google.com/patent/{number}/en unless stated)

1. Later inventors cited Kassner's patents (forward citations)

US 2,089,966 has 24 forward citations; GB 417,501 has 14 and GB 417,564 has 7. The full lists are in files/google-patents/kassner-us-forward-citations.txt. The citations that matter for the claims: - Percy L. Spencer (Raytheon), US 2,495,429, "Method of treating foodstuffs" (filed 8 Oct 1945, granted 24 Jan 1950), is the microwave-cooking patent. Its "References cited" list includes "2,094,602 Kassner Oct. 5, 1937" [web: US2495429A; confirmed on the USPTO scan, files/US2495429.ocr.txt]. Spencer's text frames the advance as heating at "wave lengths of the order of 10 centimeters or less". Kassner's patent is listed as a reference of record, either the examiner's or the applicant's (the scan does not say which), and Spencer's text does not discuss it. This bears on Voss's 1987 remark that Kassner "foresaw ... the microwave oven" (claim 7). The patent office treated a Kassner patent as relevant prior art to the first microwave-oven patent. That is a documented link, not proof of priority. - Raytheon (David A. Copson), US 2,833,657, "Microwave irradiation of fruit juices" (filed 1954) cites US 2,089,966. Its purpose is inactivating enzymes and microorganisms in juices, the application Kassner claimed in GB417501 and US2089966 (fruit juices at about 40 cm). Its description frames the process as thermal (heat transfer, temperature). Raytheon also cites Kassner in US 2,463,569 (C. G. Smith, 1943, "Apparatus for treating gaseous media"; cites US 2,089,966, GB417501 and GB417564). - John H. Heller (New England Institute for Medical Research), US 3,095,359, "High-frequency treatment of matter" (filed 1959) cites US 2,089,966. Heller writes: "It appears that each organism is responsive to a critical frequency and voltage", and the field "is pulsed to minimize adverse thermal effects". This is a second, later claimant of frequency-specific, non-thermal biological effects. It is relevant to claims 1-3 as an independent claim, not a test. (Heller is remembered for the "pearl-chain" effect [memory, medium].) - Orlan M. Arnold, US 2,522,082 and US 2,575,251, cite US 2,089,966 and GB417501. These are the patents behind In re Arnold (run 1, CAP note). - Westinghouse, US 2,650,291, "Microwave heating" (1946); RCA, Philco, Girdler and Deering Milliken dielectric-heating patents (1944-48) cite GB417564 (the plate-resonator patent). - US Department of Energy, "Emitron: a microwave diode" (GB 2,120,008, 1983; Craig, Pettibone, Drobot) cites GB483062 (Kassner's plate oscillators). - Later citations of GB417501 include seed treatment by HF fields (Jonas, US 2,712,713, 1950), animal-productivity and cell-behaviour patents (Hayashibara GB 2,145,317, 1983; Vergara Piccaluga EP 0,848,058, 1995) and "Aqua Dynamics" water-treatment patents (1990-91). - The forward citations of US 2,109,843 (32) are all UHF tube, resonator and wavemeter patents from RCA, Bell Labs, Western Electric, GE, Westinghouse, Sperry and Stanford (1941-1956). Kassner's apparatus was treated as prior art in mainstream microwave-tube work (claim 5).

2. New Kassner patents and family members

• DE 1,128,930 B (filed 14 Apr 1960, published 3 May 1962): "Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von UHF-Resonanzdrehfeldern" (method and device for generating UHF resonance rotating fields). Inventor Ernst E. W. Kassner; applicant Wilma Hencke geb. Unger. It uses circular plate electrodes in a cavity resonator, enclosed by a gas-filled glass torus, with two coherent feeds at different phase. The stated uses are particle acceleration, plasma reactions and "Kernfusionsforschung" (nuclear-fusion research). Kassner was still working on plate resonators in 1960. This is the latest known Kassner document; run 1's last date was 1951.
• Pre-Ternion Kassner (identity likely, not proven): "Ernst Kassner", assignee Elektro-Physikalische Gesellschaft m.b.H., 1929: FR 672,132 ("Procédé pour la reproduction optique d'oscillations électromagnétiques") and GR 2381 / AU 21499/29 ("electro-optical light-image microphone"). The word "elektro-physikalisch" is the one in Ternion's 1932 purpose clause, and the 1933 Ternion light relay (GB 435,643) continues the electro-optical subject. An "Ernst Kassner" also held adding-machine and gear patents in 1921-26 (CH 100,984, FR 551,455, AT 97,814, FR 559,248, US 1,609,119, US 1,773,145). SHAB 1923 gives that inventor as "Ernst Kassner, Ingenieur, Pumpstation am Ostbahnhof, Königsberg i. Pr." [web: e-periodica sha-001:1923:41::1500]. Whether all of these are E. E. W. Kassner is unknown.
• Further family members: DK 47,803 C, AT 132,868 B, CA 336,875 (1931 applicator family); AT 148,300 B and AT 148,784 B (1933 tube and transmitter family); FR 786,295 (the third FR tube patent; run 1 had read it as 786,297); DE 661,695 C (the 1935 lamp; assignee Universal Inventions Ltd). Google also lists NL and BE members of the FR 732,805 family.
• Correction: the Ternion light-relay patent is GB 435,643 ("An improved relay for converting light variations into electric oscillations", application 15 Dec 1933, assignee Ternion AG), not GB 435,043 as read from the Wireless Engineer OCR in run 1. Google Patents has no text for it, nor for GB448418A and FR786294A.

3. What Grell sold to Vibranic, and where the 1945 patents went

• US 2,415,025, H. H. Giodvad Grell and Harry W. Richards, "Method and apparatus for treating matter in a high-frequency electric field" (application 22 Apr 1943, granted 28 Jan 1947), is assigned "by direct and mesne assignments, to The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company ... and The B. F. Goodrich Company" [web; confirmed on the USPTO scan, files/US2415025.ocr.txt]. The text is about heating: "the material becomes uniformly heated throughout its mass".
• Vibranic Ltd's three patents:
• FR 926,351 (filed 6 May 1946) claims the same priority date, 22 Apr 1943, as US 2,415,025. It is the French member of the Grell/Richards heating patent.
• CH 250,508 "Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ultrakurzwellenbehandlung" (priority 4 May 1945) covers radiating quasi-optical waves (under 10 m, over 30 MHz) into a reflecting chamber, for "Erwärmen, Altern, Vulkanisieren". It shares its priority date with Grell's own CH 254,655.
• US 2,558,568 is Kassner's infra-red lamp.
• So the "Patentrechte" that Grell sold to Vibranic for Fr. 200,000 in Nov 1945 (run 1, SHAB) included, at least in part, the non-US rights to Grell's own heating patents. The US rights to the same invention were held by Firestone and Goodrich. This is documented by matching priority dates. The purchase contract is still needed to know whether Kassner's patents were also in the package.
• Grell held a large international portfolio in 1943-49: GB 624,409 and GB 599,193; FR 911,170/1 and FR 1,004,277; CH 254,655 and CH 264,736; CA 437,066 (a Dufour invention assigned to Grell) and CA 451,395; eight Spanish patents; Australian patents. The subject throughout is radiant and high-frequency heating and treatment.

4. Searches with no relevant result

assignee=General Infra (0); assignee=Dipol before 1945 (only the unrelated Dipol Process Company, USA); inventor=Wiegner (none relevant); inventor=Bauch (first 10 results, none by F. W. O. Bauch); GB448417-9 and GB448494 have no forward citations.

How this bears on the claims