2026-10-04 Right-angle lever (Lewis-Tolman) paradox: later literature (claim 3)

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J. A. Shapiro (Rutgers), "Torques without Rotation: the Right-Angle Lever", arXiv:1206.4487 (20 June 2012), 4 pages. [web] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.4487 ; downloaded research/files/arXiv-1206.4487-Shapiro-2012-right-angle-lever.pdf
Abstract: a body with zero net force and torque in its rest frame "may experience a nonzero torque in another inertial frame, and nonetheless does not rotate"; "Long known as the Trouton-Noble or right-angle lever paradox, there has been extensive discussion and indeed controversy"; he resolves it through angular momentum and simultaneity [read: p.1].
Credits Lewis and Tolman (1909) with first discussing the paradox and Laue with the resolution; cites Tolman's 1917 book and a comment by G. Cavallieri, O. Gron, G. Spavieri and G. Spinelli on "Right-angle lever paradox" by J. C. Nickerson and R. T. McAdory (Am. J. Phys. 46(1) 108) [read: text layer, refs].
Google snippets, not opened: an AIP (American Journal of Physics) PDF "Right-angle lever paradox" citing Lewis and Tolman 1909; MathPages "Trouton-Noble and the Right-Angle Lever" (kmath651) and "Symmetries and Persistent Identities" (kmath653); Wikipedia "Trouton-Noble experiment" (calls it the "Lewis-Tolman paradox"); an Academia.edu "Rod-ring Paradox" citing "Lewis-Tolman Lever Paradox", Am. J. Phys. 38, 360-368 (snippet gives 1975, volume/year mismatch unresolved) and Eur. J. Phys. 14 (1993) 100, DOI 10.1088/0143-0807/14/3/001.

Claim 3 (priority 3): Tolman's energy-flow (Laue) account of the lever is one of several explanations still debated a century later (simultaneity, hidden momentum, angular momentum bookkeeping); all agree the lever does not rotate. The Trouton-Noble null experiment (1903) is the physical test the paradox mirrors. The American Journal of Physics thread (Nickerson and McAdory 1975; Cavallieri et al. comment 1978; Jackson 2004 [memory, medium]) is the next place to look.