StClairJohn · Source catalogue

Two concentric toroidal coils wound in opposite directions on curved transformer laminations (inner radius 1, outer 3, gap 2 in unstated units) are said to make bucking electric fields along the centreline, a negative 'spacetime spring constant', negative mass, and so a wormhole to 'hyperspace' where light is slow. Motivation offered: lightning anecdotes (a tire rim merged into a tree trunk, wheat straw in a telephone pole) and Feynman's thunderstorm lecture. The spring constant is defined as k = I_theta * (n_theta Area) * K * B_theta with curvature K = 1/r^2; the units come out as N/m (FIG. 7). Two coils in parallel with the inner one given a minus sign give 1/(r+a)^2 - 1/r^2 = -8/9 for r=1, a=2, which the patent matches to cos^2(19.47 deg) (the tetrahedral angle asin(1/3)). Negative mass is inferred because omega = sqrt(K/M) must be real. FIGs 9-10 give a cylindrical metric with g_t,theta = B(cos theta - sin theta) and a plot of G_tt showing two negative spikes at r near 0. A drive circuit (saturable SuperMalloy choke, step-up transformer to thousands of volts, below 20 MHz) is described. Claims 1-16 cover negative mass, propulsion, refrigeration, power supplies, 'surgery-less' medical tables, mass-less vehicles at hundreds of thousands of g, folding-space waveguides. No current, field, mass or frequency values and no experiment are reported; 'federally sponsored research: not applicable'. The deep reader recomputed the Einstein tensor of the FIG. 9 metric (SymPy): G_tt = -B^2(1-sin2theta)/[r^2+B^2(1-sin2theta)]^2, always <= 0, has its spikes next to theta = pi/4, 5pi/4 (at r > 0 G_tt is exactly zero at those angles; the spike sits near them where B^2(1 - sin 2theta) = r^2, depth -1/(4r^2)), where the metric degenerates as r -> 0, independent of the coils. The deep reader also noted that the FIG. 8 arithmetic is correct but the minus sign is assigned by hand, and that 'curvature = 1/r^2' is non-standard (circle curvature is 1/r).

Key claims

• Two oppositely wound toroidal coils of different radii (1 and 3) produce bucking electric fields along their common centreline.
• The coil set has a negative 'spacetime spring constant' k = I*Area*K*B with K = 1/r^2, equal to -8/9 (ratio) for r=1, a=2.
• A negative spring constant requires negative mass so that the resonant frequency omega = sqrt(K/M) is real.
• The device generates negative mass (negative G_tt spikes at r=0 for metric g_t,theta = B(cos theta - sin theta)).
• Negative mass plus resonance opens a wormhole between our space and hyperspace, admitting low-density, low-speed-of-light 'hyperspace energy'.
• The generator can power inertia-less spacecraft (hundreds of thousands of g), refrigeration, medical tumour extraction, cold-welded crystals and teleportation over light-years.
• The same geometry explains lightning-induced merging of objects into wood and metal.
• The tetrahedron diagram shows that the electron and proton are the same particle and that hyperspace exists.
• Negative mass has the property that if projected onto a hot surface the surface cools rather than heats up (para 0003); claim 8: refrigeration systems can be created 'because negative energy cools rather than heats'. No device, number or measurement is given.
• The corners of the tetrahedron circumscribed by a sphere touch it at latitude 19.47122063 degrees, 'the location where all the large volcanoes and vortices occur on Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune' (para 0028, claim 16). The only checkable statement about the real world in the filing; no latitudes are listed.
• A differential spacetime curvature on the ends of a carbon electrode produces a voltage like a chemical battery, so the system acts as a power supply for the spacecraft (para 0029, claim 9). No numbers given.
• The wormhole attaches to a region with a magnetic monopole; a changing monopole field crossed with a changing electric field gives a toroidal flux and a spacetime curvature G_zz over the hull that produces lift (claim 13). No numbers given.
• Further applications asserted (claims 6, 10-12; para 0028): cold-welded crystals and cold soldering of disparate materials, surgery-less medical tables pulling tumours out of the body, folding-space waveguides, teleportation of craft over light-years, a mass-less inertia-less vehicle accelerating at hundreds of thousands of g, lifting extraordinary loads in construction, and objects moved 'out of dimension' to pass through walls (para 0030). None has data.
• The non-linear coil spacing is chosen 'to preserve the vector potential'; the vector potential is 'a more important field than the magnetic field because it can extend out past the windings of a long solenoid' (para 0024). Drive circuit (paras 0038-0040, claim 14): variable-frequency generator and amplifier, isolation transformer, voltage step-up transformer, SuperMalloy tape saturable choke switching a capacitor into a toroidal coil, under 20 MHz; no component values, voltages or frequencies beyond that.

Relevance: Foundation of the St. Clair hyperspace/wormhole programme: introduces negative mass, 'hyperspace energy', the tetrahedron diagram and the base constant ln(h/c) = -95.91546344, which the other applications cite. The applied claims and the 19.47 degree planetary claim (also the signature claim of R. C. Hoagland's 'hyperdimensional physics' [memory, high that Hoagland made it]) are listed in key_claims; the 2004 copyright 'Mars Experimental Planetary Institute--MEPI' is an Investigator name lead.

Mainstream conflict: Negative-mass generation by coils, traversable wormholes from laboratory coils, a 'hyperspace' with slow light, and electron = proton identity have no mainstream support. Mathematical points from the deep read: the sign of the spring constant is assigned, the metric is a guess not derived from the coils, B in tesla is inserted directly into a metric, and negative mass is inferred from wanting real omega (a negative K with positive M gives instability, not oscillation). Morris and Thorne (1988) require exotic matter for a wormhole throat, but that is a requirement on a wormhole, not a recipe.

A saucer craft with three thrusters, each a motor-driven charged cylinder rotating inside a fixed charged annular ring. The radial field E_r of the cylinder and the vertical field E_z of the ring are said to give a 'negative spacetime curvature tension' T^zr = -(eps0/(Omega c^2))(E_z E_r/4pi) with units 1/m^2 (Omega = 'linear mass of the universe'; deep read: Omega must be in kg/m, patent gives no value). The inventor argues that the same tensor with a 'time lever arm' gives linear momentum, and with a field rotating as e^(i omega t) its time derivative is a force: dS/dt = (eps0/4pi) e^(i omega t) E_r E_z area + (i eps0/4pi) e^(i omega t) E_r E_z t omega area (FIG. 9). He admits a continuous radial field gives zero net force and proposes charging only a segment of the cylinder or ring. Because the ordinary curvature is far too small, bar magnets stacked in the cylinder (or a magnetic vortex generator) are said to open a wormhole to hyperspace where the speed of light is 8971 m/s, making permittivity 'about a trillion' times larger and amplifying the force. Deep read: (299792458/8971)^2 is about 1.1e9, not 1e12; the 'enclosed reference calculation' is not in the document. Other deep-read findings: the 4pi (Gaussian) and eps0 (SI) are mixed; the 3-index 'permutation tensor' includes t; the time lever arm makes the result depend on the choice of time origin; 'imaginary newtons' have no standard meaning; the stress-through-radial-area calculation gives a vertical, not horizontal, force; curvature never enters the force formula. Claims 1-8 cover the thrusters, magnets, segmented charging, three-thruster steering, polarity reversal and a magnetic vortex generator substitute. No dimensions, voltages, speeds, thrust or experiment are given. QE check: the 'enclosed reference calculation' for the hyperspace permittivity (para 0027) is not in the document, and no related filing number or title is named in the text (the only earlier-work references are generic).

Key claims

• Crossed radial and vertical electric fields of a rotating charged cylinder and a fixed charged ring produce a spacetime curvature tension T^zr = -E_r E_z/4pi (with eps0/(Omega c^2) factor, units 1/m^2).
• With a time 'lever arm' and a rotating field e^(i omega t), the tensor gives a net horizontal force on the hull, F = (eps0/4pi) e^(i omega t) E_r E_z area (1 + i omega t).
• Charging only a segment of the cylinder or ring yields a non-zero net force once per cycle, directional by timing.
• Bar magnets in the cylinder create a wormhole to hyperspace where c = 8971 m/s, raising permittivity about a trillion-fold and amplifying the force.
• Reversing the ring polarity reverses curvature and thrust; three thrusters give thrust and yaw control.

Relevance: Propulsion application built on the electromagnetic stress-energy idea; relies on the hyperspace-permittivity amplification from 0197093 and 0164824.

Mainstream conflict: A closed system of charged bodies cannot get net thrust from internal electrostatic forces (momentum conservation); segmenting moves internal forces around. The hyperspace amplification has no mainstream basis, and the stated 10^12 does not match the inventor's own two speeds (about 10^9). Whether raising permittivity raises the force depends on whether V or Q is held fixed; not specified.

A domed craft with two counter-rotating charged rotors (upper positive, lower negative) above and below the hull edge, with three or more solenoids giving a 'positive vector potential' at the rotors, A = n I a^2/(2 eps0 c^2 r'). Charge rotation times vector potential times area is written as angular momentum S = -[e^(i omega t) - e^(-i omega t)] K = -2iK sin(omega t), imaginary. Half goes in the g_t,theta and half in the g_theta,t slot of a cylindrical metric (g_t,theta = 4iK sin(omega t)/r). The Einstein tensor component G_zz (a plot, FIG. 16, no formula printed) shows a positive spike over the dome (lift) and a negative one over the rotors. Rotor grooves of decreasing depth are assumed to give a negative inductance gradient dL/dr (FIGs 19-22). Magnetic energy is postulated by 'taking a hint' as -L K J^2 A^2 (K = curvature), and the lift force F = (dL/dr) K J^2 A^2 (FIG. 23). Derived on a magnetron-cavity picture, citing 1940s Bell System Technical Journal papers and Bohm-Aharonov. Deep read: unit figures 6, 11, 18, 23 are dimensionally correct; the algebra of FIGs 12-15 and 21 is correct; no numbers are plugged in, no experiment; the deep reader's SymPy check shows the negative curvature spike exists only because angular momentum is imaginary (real value gives G_zz > 0 everywhere); the complex-number step treats a rotating position as imaginary angular momentum, whereas physically the two rotors' L_z = q r A cancel; the metric's SI-unit angular momentum is not converted with G/c^3; with the patent's own n = 1/h, dL/dr is positive, reversing the sign; a radial gradient gives a radial, not vertical, force. Cross-reference (para 0008): 'From my previous patent application Dual Rotor Propulsion System I know that the two rotors produce a current density in the angular direction along the rotor.' That title is in no family list found by the Investigator (possible unpublished or differently titled filing).

Key claims

• Counter-rotating charged rotors in the vector potential of solenoids carry electromagnetic angular momentum S = -2iK sin(omega t) (imaginary).
• The imaginary angular momentum put into the g_t,theta slot makes the spacetime curvature G_zz spike positive over the dome (lift) and negative over the rotors.
• Magnetic energy of the rotor grooves is -L K J^2 A^2 with K the (negative) spacetime curvature.
• Grooves of decreasing depth give a negative inductance gradient, and F = (dL/dr) K J^2 A^2 is a positive lift force.
• Doubling the lift force is possible by grooving the lower rotor's top surface too.
• The vector potential A (not the magnetic field B) is the field that matters outside a long solenoid: Feynman's formula for A of a solenoid, with 'physicists Bohm and Aharanov' cited for A not being confined to the solenoid (para 0037); units kg m/(s C). The Aharonov-Bohm effect itself is established [memory, high]; the step to a propulsion force is the inventor's.
• The design follows the magnetron cavity of the Bell System Technical Journal WWII papers (para 0007): a groove around a rotor is treated as a spread-out magnetron cavity whose inductance is mu0 x turns per length squared x volume.

Relevance: Shows the inventor's recurring method: put electromagnetic quantities into a metric slot (here angular momentum, made imaginary) and read a force off the resulting curvature; also his magnetron-inspired inductance-gradient lift.

Mainstream conflict: No mainstream basis for lift from electromagnetic field angular momentum in a metric; a metric must be real; 'imaginary angular momentum' comes from mixing complex bookkeeping with a physical magnitude; the energy formula is postulated rather than derived; gravitational effects at lab field strengths are negligible (deep-read estimate GS/c^3 about 5e-43 m^2).

A coaxial cable of braided gold wire, outer radius a = 8.342461828 micron and inner radius b = 7.559058141 micron (outside diameter 16-17 micron), said to generate 'hyperspace energy' by coupling to the 'tetrahedral geometry of subspace' and the Planck mass. The only experimental statement is one sentence: 'Electrical experiments with micron-sized braided gold wire coaxial cable show that it is capable of generating substantial amounts of hyperspace energy', with FIG. 1 an 'electron microscope photograph' of the 'white mist'. Deep read of FIG. 1: a small, low-resolution black-and-white halftone with bright cloud-like patches on black; no recognisable cable or braid, no scale bar, magnification, voltage or instrument label. No drive signal, power, measurement, date, laboratory or control is described; construction is future-conditional. The derivation uses a planar 'tetrahedron' with sides sqrt1, sqrt2, sqrt3; 24 dimensions (attributed without citation to Witten), 10 reduced; ten 'edge constants'; a nested square-root recipe said to equal 80.1104395 (= -ln of the reduced Planck length in metres; deep reader could not reproduce it from the printed recipe, got 80.30); and a log-log 'tetrahedron diagram' of ln(mass) vs ln(wavelength) on which the base constant ln(h/c) = -95.91546344 is the sum for any particle (true by definition of Compton wavelength). Centerline = sqrt(4/3) x base = -110.7536373; R = (sqrt(4/3)-1) x base = -14.83817383; exp(R) = 0.3596 micron. Four 'constraints' (exp(ln(a/b)+1)=3, [ln c - ln a]^2=10, ln(a)^2/(2 pi ln(a/b)) = ln(c)^2, and a Planck-mass/inductance relation) give a and b; the deep reader reproduced them to 1.5e-4 only by solving three constraints with c free (c = 0.3531 micron, not the printed 0.3596), and found constraints in SI-unit coincidences. Also argues the speed of light is lowered by raising permittivity, so 'hyperspace energy' has a low speed of light (even 1 m/s) and 'enormous spacetime pressure' for lift. Claims 1-2: the cable and its geometric relationships. Context outside the folder: the inventor's fuller experimental narratives are in sister applications not in the folder (US 2004/0200925, 2004/0102810, 2007/0285325), known only second-hand through the Investigator's FreePatentsOnline notes; 0285325 supplies the value Omega = 1.346812891e27 kg/m (corresponds to G = 6.67320e-11, about 1.6e-4 from c^2/G).

Key claims

• A braided gold wire coaxial cable with outer radius 8.34 micron and inner radius 7.56 micron generates 'hyperspace energy' (white mist).
• The electron microscope photograph FIG. 1 shows low-density hyperspace energy flowing from a co-dimension of our universe.
• The cable's radii follow from four geometric 'subspace constraints' based on a tetrahedron, ten dimensions, the Planck mass and coaxial inductance.
• Mass times wavelength equals h/c (base constant -95.91546344) for electron, proton and Planck mass, and the Planck scale sets the lower limit of the universe ('Planck box').
• The electron and proton are the same particle entering our universe from hyperspace at two positions.
• Hyperspace energy has high permittivity and low speed of light (as low as 1 m/s), giving large spacetime pressure usable for lift.
• Space has 24 dimensions of which 10 are non-redundant (attributed to Witten).

Relevance: The only document in the folder that reports any experiment (one sentence plus one photograph) and the fullest statement of the tetrahedron diagram physics that the other applications cite.

Mainstream conflict: The 'hyperspace energy', slow-light co-dimension, electron = proton identity and 24/10-dimension counting are outside mainstream physics; no known Witten statement matches the attribution ([memory, high] string theory uses 10, 26 dimensions). Deep-read points: m x lambda = h/c holds for any particle by definition; the constants are chosen numbers; several printed results are not reproduced; logs of dimensional quantities depend on units. The photograph shows no identifiable cable, and bright diffuse glows are a common charging artefact in scanning electron microscopy ([memory, high], offered as a competing explanation, not a finding).

An equilateral-triangle hull with vertical copper plates at each corner, the two back corners at +V and the front at -V, said to create a 'line charge density singularity' and a horizontal electric field from back to front parallel to the hull sides. Slot antennas along the sides (3/4 lambda by lambda/2 copper sheet, lambda/2 slot, coax-fed) emit a plane wave with vertical E_w. The force per volume is stated in differential forms as *d(E ^ (B_w + E_w ^ dt)) eps/c (eps = 'linear capacitance of space'). A Faraday tensor with E_x and E_z cos(x-t) (no magnetic field) and the stress-energy tensor 4 pi T = F F - (1/4) g F^2 are given, and the stresses T^xx, T^yy, T^zz are said to produce combined lift and propulsion (FIG. 6, nine frames, 'vectors exchange places'). Derivation 1 (Laplace potential near a wedge of opening 300 deg gives sigma ~ rho^(-2/5)) is textbook correct per the deep read; the line-charge potential printed is off by a factor 2. Deep read of derivation 2: the expression is a 0-form (scalar) after the Hodge star, not a force vector, and mixes units. Derivation 3: the printed Faraday tensor omits the wave's magnetic field, so it does not satisfy Maxwell's equations; with B included, the divergence of T is zero in vacuum and the static-wave cross terms average to zero; only radiation recoil P/c (3.3 micronewtons for 1 kW) remains. No voltages, frequencies, dimensions, tests or people other than the inventor. Claims 1-4 cover the hull, plates, generator and antenna array.

Key claims

• Sharp 60 degree vertical corner plates charged +V, +V, -V create a huge horizontal electric field parallel to the hull sides (charge density ~ rho^(-2/5) at the edge).
• A horizontal slot-antenna plane wave interacting with this static field produces a force per volume *d(E ^ (B_w + E_w ^ dt)) eps/c.
• The combined fields produce stresses T^xx, T^yy, T^zz that give lift and forward propulsion by spacetime curvature pressure.
• The lift and propulsion vectors exchange places over the cycle of the wave.

Relevance: Latest of the five applications (2006); shows the same theme (static field plus wave gives net force via the stress-energy tensor) in simpler form, with a correct-textbook electrostatics section.

Mainstream conflict: In vacuum, Maxwell's equations are linear, so a static field and a wave superpose without a time-averaged force on each other; the tensor as printed is not a Maxwell solution; no mainstream mechanism for propulsion without reaction mass beyond radiation pressure.