Morray-TH: Investigator site log (STEP I)

Run 1: 2026-10-03 (first run; no earlier sites.md, so there were no positive sites to recheck). Run 2: 2026-10-03 (same day; rechecked the positive sites, retried the blocked ones through Chrome, added 7 new sites). Run-2 notes for sites already in the log are research/2026-10-03-run2-*.md (so run-1 notes are not overwritten); notes for new sites are research/2026-10-03-{site}.md. Run 3: 2026-10-04 (run on request; first run under the new STEP I priorities; Chrome throughout). Rechecked the positive sites, retried the blocked ones (uOttawa now open; Nevada ORION now searchable; HathiTrust blocked by the extension's site permission), added 8 new sites. Notes: research/2026-10-04-*.md. Per-visit notes are in research/2026-10-0[34]-*.md; downloads are in research/files/. Findings are leads, not verdicts. Tags: [web] = found online (URL in the per-site note); [read] = from the folder's documents or digests.

Keywords tried (all runs)

• Names and variants: "Henry Moray", "T. H. Moray", "T. Henry Moray", "Thomas Henry Moray", "MORAY, T. HENRY", "Moray, Thomas Henry", "Dr. Moray", Thomas H Moray (patent inventor field), John E Moray, Richard R Moray, "Murray O. Hayes", Lovesy, Hagmann, Sanford, "Felix J. Frazer", "Felix Frazer", "Franklin P. Wood", Halleck, Slattery, Carmody, Okuto, Crowell.
• Companies: "Moray Products", "Moray Products Company", Cosray, Cosmoray, "Research Institute" Moray.
• Topics: Moray "radiant energy", "radiant energy" REA, Moray "rural electrification", Moray syphoning, Moray uranium, Moray "cosmic", Moray transmutation, Moray gold ore, Moray demonstration, Moray invention/inventor, Moray electricity air, "Photo actinia", "Beyond the light rays", "Sea of energy", "Moray is unfathomable".
• Numbers: US 2,460,707 (US2460707A, application US485112A); CA550611; DOIs 10.1103/PhysRevB.6.3076, 10.1103/PhysRevB.10.4284, 10.1016/0038-1101(75)90099-4.
• Added in run 2: "Industrial Revolution Projects"; "Franklin P. Wood" AND Moray (HathiTrust advanced); Moray Tugman; "Moray" Shinkle; "Moray" Magdiel; "Moray" Voorhis; "Moray" Carmody; "Moray" Glassford; "Moray" Schiess; "Moray" Hooper "Wilbert Smith"; "Moray" "radiant energy" Wallace; "Moray" "radiant energy" Technocracy; Moray assassinate / assassination / bullet / spies / Germans / shot 1940; "Moray Manufacturing"; "Ashton-Jenkins" Moray; "Home Owners" Moray; "Roy Ware" Moray; "T. Henry Moray" 1974; "Henry Moray" died; FOIA: "Ravnitzky", "917273", "F-2000-01342"; "Lynn Badia" Moray; Swedish: "Henry Moray", Moray Upsala, "Cain Larson"; NARA: "Moray, T", "Moray, Thomas", "Franklin P. Wood", "Felix J. Frazer".

• Not yet tried (next runs): Serial No. 550,611 with "Moray" in patent-history sources; Washoe County case "Moray Products Company" and Summons No. 39982; Judge Ben F. Curler; Brown & Belford (Reno attorneys); Farnsworth, Schade, Hursh, Rowson; Bringhurst; Steffenson; Ben Crim; Robert B. Craig; Ralph T. Bradford; John M. Carmody letter of 17 Mar 1939; Utah Securities Commission 1938; Boaz Mine (Norris, Montana) and Union Assay Office 1940; US Bureau of Mines radiometric report 28 Sep 1956; AEC Grand Junction; AF33(616)-6235 and Project 1448-50965 (1962 Bell Labs report cited in the 1968 proposal); Stan Taylor; Varian; Hooper; Rudolph; L. M. Olsen; Wesley J. Hommel M.D.; ElRay Corporation; Moray Manufacturing Co.; Swedish-language queries ("Moray" Uppsala 1912-1914, "Thomas Henry Moray" mission Sverige) in Swedish newspaper archives (tidningar.kb.se). Still open after run 2: V. A. Young (REA investigator) report "separate report" on REA research projects; "Smith" cement family Los Angeles + Moray (e.g. Riverside / Monolith Portland Cement founders); "Glassford" Columbia 1940; Edward M. Shinkle papers; Captain Deitrick; John H. Magdiel; Senator William H. King papers (Moray); Elbert D. Thomas papers (Utah State Historical Society / Univ. of Utah); Orin Tugman papers (Univ. of Utah archives); "Moray Manufacturing Company" incorporation file 022465; Lynn Badia FBI request; FBI previously-processed release 917273 via FBI eFOIA; Utah Digital Newspapers Aug-Dec 1940 pages; 'Electrical World' 1939-41 on Moray; La Follette Committee staff lists (Frazer).

• Added in run 3 (2026-10-04): "Moray Radiant Energy Device"; "A Brief Analysis of the Moray Radiant Energy Device"; "Moray" "154 hours" / "bank of 100 lights"; "Moray" "electrical wizard" (+ Sweden/Upsala/degree/university); "Thomas Henry Moray" Alter "Storied Domain"; title:("storied domain"); "Moray" "sound detector"; "Moray" Shinkle; "Moray" Amlie; "Research Institute" Moray (NARA); "Mark J. Hagmann" (+ Moray / "was born"); "Hagmann" Paracelsus transmutation; Bearden "Moray" vacuum; Moray site:cheniere.org; "Moray" replication / "Moray valve" / "Moray tube"; "917273" FBI; "Moray" FBI muckrock/governmentattic/theblackvault; MuckRock: Moray, "radiant energy"; CIA reading room: "Henry Moray", Moray radiant energy, Moray Henry; Archives West: Moray radiant, "Henry Moray", Moray Eyring; WorldCat: au="Moray, Thomas Henry"; Nevada ORION: Moray (starts with); UDN: Moray Tugman, Moray "radiant", Moray wounded, "Dr. Moray", Moray "laboratory", Moray "cosmic", Moray "Rural Electrification", "Moray" Amlie, Winter REA communist 1941; uOttawa: Moray, "radiant energy", Schiess, Hendershot; Carmody finding aid: moray, radiant, frazer, wood, technocra, slattery, voorhis; Tesla US685957; Oleg Losev; Lilienfeld.

• Not yet tried after run 3: K. K. Steffensen/Steffenson (attorney) papers or obituary; "Steffensen" + War Department 1936; AGO decimal 023 meaning; Thomas R. Amlie papers (Wisconsin Historical Society) for Moray/Shinkle; Edward M. Shinkle papers; SL Tribune 2 Dec 1941 (Rep. Thomas D. Winter on REA); Utah, the Storied Domain biographical volume (HathiTrust once the extension allows it); WorldCat or LC holdings of "A Brief Analysis..."; Indian Science Congress 1934 vol.21 p.65 speaker; Rosicrucian Digest 1956 p.418 author; Henry Eyring papers (Univ. of Utah) and Carl Eyring papers (BYU L. Tom Perry) container lists; Harvey Fletcher papers (BYU) for Moray/Steffenson 1937 and Schiess letters; W. J. Hooper papers (Principia College); Marcel C. Schiess (who he was); Carl H. Betz; Richard Buchli; Radium source of Cosray applicators (AEC/NRC byproduct licences, Utah 1946-63); FDA 1963 case file for Cosray (NARA RG 88).
• Added in follow-up Q01 (2026-10-06): "high speed of the" "particles seems very difficult to explain" Le Bon; Le Bon "evolution of matter" "from a sling" alpha particles velocity planetary; Rutherford 1906 "retardation of the alpha particle" velocity ceases ionize phosphorescent photographic critical velocity; Moseley 1913 "attainment of high potentials by the use of radium" Rutherford laboratory nuclear battery.
• Added in follow-up Q02 (2026-10-06): "intrinsic semiconductor that will detect photons in the longer wave lengths"; Books: "intrinsic semiconductor that will detect photons"; Books: "synthesize a material with a gap" infrared; "extrinsic" infrared detectors "beyond 6 microns" "40 K" OR "40° K" intrinsic narrow gap 1967 OR 1968; Rogalski "History of infrared detectors" Opto-Electronics Review 2012 HgCdTe 1959 Ge:Hg; mercury-doped germanium detector 1960s 8-14 micron cooled below 30 K "Ge:Hg" history HgCdTe 77 K advantage; "Stan Taylor" Moray "Research Institute" Salt Lake City 1968 (no results). Not yet tried: the paragraph's possible source in 1966-68 trade press (Electronics, Aviation Week, Air Force and Space Digest, AFSC Newsreview); Stan Taylor in Utah university or company records; NARA records of AFSC unsolicited proposals 1968.
• Added in follow-up Q04 (2026-10-06): Rex Le Bon page searches: spinthariscope; phosphorescent sulfide; calcium sulfide; eighteen months / 18 months; sulfide (all hits); Google: ZnS(Ag) 6LiF neutron scintillation screen insensitive to gamma alpha counting; Gustave Le Bon "black light" 1896 phosphorescence calcium sulfide invisible radiation controversy; CaS:Eu,Sm SrS:Eu,Sm electron trapping infrared stimulated luminescence phosphor history Becquerel infrared quenching sulfide; ZnS(Ag) alpha scintillation probe thin layer insensitive to beta and gamma thoriated gas mantle alpha. Not yet tried: Le Bon, L'Evolution de la matiere (French 1905) for the sulphide variety; Nye 1974 (Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences) on black light; Le Bon's phosphorescence papers in Comptes rendus 1896-1900.
• Added in follow-up Q08 (2026-10-07): "recoil will carry it past its position of equilibrium"; "as if the first discharge had overrun itself"; "overrun itself and something like recoil had set in" Leyden jar Thomson 1853 Hertz; "reduces light and heat waves to the same category"; "two quite different types of energy propagation"; "superultra sonic" OR "super-ultrasonic" Moray; sonophotoelectrocatalysis ultrasound light electricity combined review; Books: "the first flow may be succeeded by a back-rush"; "number of such ion pairs per unit length of path"; "change from silver to cadmium"; Glasser "Medical Physics" "vacancies are filled by electrons" valence; Glasser "a reduced number of valence electrons"; "point of dissociation" resonance "walls of Jericho"; "in perfect resonance" "oscillations will become more and more". Not yet tried: full text of Glasser, Medical Physics vol.1 (1944; HathiTrust) to compare Moray's Figs. 4-7; Preston, The Theory of Light earlier editions; Keely "point of dissociation" in Bloomfield-Moore, Keely and His Discoveries (1893).
• Added in follow-up Q11 (2026-10-08): "surface for surface" "than the thorium itself"; Rutherford 1900 thorium "excited radioactivity" negative wire "10,000 times" OR "ten thousand times" OR "several thousand times"; "Radioactivity produced in substances by the action of thorium compounds" 1900 negative electrode wire; archive.org title:(radio-activity) creator:(rutherford); Rex Le Bon page: surface for surface, charged with negative, induced radioactivity, lodestone, restricted space, condensing electroscope. Not yet tried: the 1900 Phil. Mag. paper full text (SciSpace); Le Bon Legge 1907 printing for the "current ideas" wording.
• Added in follow-up Q12 (2026-10-08): "Le Bon" "amalgamated tin" photoelectric OR "negative leak" OR "dissociation of matter"; Elster Geitel 1889 amalgamated zinc sunlight photoelectric discharge negative; Nye "Le Bon's black light" photoelectric "dissociation" light metals electroscope reception (0 hits); "Gustave Le Bon" photoelectric effect "dissociation of matter" light Nye 1974 Historical Studies; Mary Jo Nye "Gustave LeBon's black light" 1974; "amalgams" photoelectric sensitivity Elster Geitel sodium amalgam visible light 1890 history; "Le Bon" "Evolution of Matter" review 1907 "photo-electric" OR "Hallwachs" OR "ultra-violet" radioactivity light metals criticism; Ramsay Spencer 1906 "Philosophical Magazine" "ultra-violet light" "Le Bon" metals disintegration; "Ramsay" "Spencer" 1906 "ultra-violet light" "Phil. Mag." 12 397 metals emission; "tin amalgam" photoelectric threshold OR "work function" sunlight (negative); archive.org advanced search "Chemical and electrical changes induced by ultra-violet light" (0); page greps: amalgam, extraordinarily, 24 hours, Lenard, Elster, Branly, Spencer, "It will be remembered", Le Bon; project _text greps: amalgam, mercury, tin, electroscope, photoelectric, ultraviolet.
• Added in follow-up Q09 (2026-10-08): Moseley 1913 "radium" beta particles 150,000 volts "Attainment of high potentials"; Planck 2018 results VI N_eff "2.99" 0.17; Borexino 2018 Nature "comprehensive measurement of pp-chain" neutrino luminosity photon luminosity agreement; Borexino solar neutrino luminosity "3.89" photon luminosity 3.846; Bosch 1996 bare 187Re75+ bound-state beta decay half-life 32.9 years; Joseph Weber 1985 neutrino detection stiff crystals sapphire cross section claim not confirmed; helioseismology sound speed standard solar model agreement "better than" percent relative difference 0.2%; "Arthur Glenn Foster" Moray "Swedish stone" tetrahedral press; Moray "Project X" Foster "detector" pellets radium "carbon-die"; saved Le Bon page: diamond, platinocyanide, "other properties", "tenth of a second", "unknown compounds then formed", balance; project _text: diamond, self anneal, tetrahedral, Tracy Hall. Not yet tried: Moseley 1913 full PDF in Chrome or the Internet Archive volume of Proc. R. Soc. A 88; Foster 1990 original (KeelyNet or BBS archives of 1990); Le Bon's memoir on phosphorescence (Brazilian diamonds); solar abundance problem sound-speed figures.
• Added in follow-up Q15 (2026-10-08): mercury arc rectifier "arc-back" anode amalgam OR "mercury condensation" anode cause; "arc-back" causes "mercury droplets" OR "globule of mercury" on anode "cathode spot" rectifier; "normal cathode fall" mercury tin table volts electrode material glow discharge; "tin amalgam" cathode "discharge tube" OR "vacuum tube" OR "glow discharge" rectifier OR "valve action" (negative); "amalgam lamp" OR "amalgam arc" Arons cadmium zinc tin amalgam electrodes vacuum 1890s spectroscopy; photoelectric quantum yield 253.7 nm mercury surface OR tin electrons per photon clean metal; "cathode fall" "mercury cathode" glow discharge argon OR neon volts liquid mercury cathode glow; "tin anode" OR "tin electrode" "mercury cathode" vacuum arc rectifier OR valve amalgamated anode (negative); page greps: arc-back, condensation, cathode spot, amalgam, alkali, photoelectric, normal cathode fall, glow discharge rectifiers, quantum yield; saved Le Bon texts: amalgam near tube, vacuum, electrode, rectif, valve, Crookes, discharge.
• Added in follow-up Q16 (2026-10-08): Wien quenched spark gap 1906 "Stossanregung" OR "impulse excitation" primary circuit quenched secondary oscillates freely; receiving antenna conjugate matched load "scattered power" equals "absorbed power" minimum scattering antenna open circuit re-radiates; Razavi "A study of injection locking and pulling in oscillators" pdf Adler equation lock range; lumped element ferrite isolator lowest frequency MHz VHF HF isolator circulator "30 MHz" OR "50 MHz" OR "10 MHz"; Moray radiant energy "spill" over stages valve "harmonic coupling" cascade analysis; page greps: quench, impulse excitation, absorbed power, open circuit, matched, Adler, lock range, striking, extinction; project text greps: spill, draft, adapted to the load, syphon, impulse, in phase, bucket brigade, ionization in the preceding, blocked circuit, lowering of potential.
• Added in follow-up Q17 (2026-10-08): multipactor test radioactive seed electrons Sr-90 ECSS-E-20-01; multipactor asymmetric secondary emission yield two surfaces DC current rectification; Borderland Dollard Farnsworth multipactor tube test results efficiency; multipactor to gas discharge transition pressure mean free path Gill von Engel 1948; "multipactor" "over unity" OR "free energy" measured output exceeds input; "D. V. Farnsworth" Moray Products Philo Farnsworth relative; page greps: radioactive, seed, pressure, fxd, detection, watts, supply, free electrons, transition, unity, battery; project text greps: cold cathode, not heated, surge, bombard, vacuum, Farnsworth.
• Added in follow-up Q18 (2026-10-08): hafnium-178m2 triggered isomer Collins 1999 Ahmad null result JASON; molybdenum-93m isomer depletion nuclear excitation by electron capture Chiara 2018 Guo 2022 not observed; "Isomer Depletion of" 93mMo "Triggered by Inelastic Nuclear Scattering" Ding 2026; photofission threshold uranium-238 thorium-232 MeV giant dipole resonance cross section mb; INSPIRE: doi 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.695, t "Search for X-ray induced acceleration", t "isomer depletion"; Europe PMC: TITLE "nuclear excitation by electron transition" 197Au; arXiv: isomer depletion Mo.

Leads for review

1. 1944 Senate REA testimony (Claim 6; Claim 1 and 2 indirectly). Halleck's statement (10 Dec 1944) draws on testimony to the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry's investigation of the REA: the REA paid Moray $25 a day, Feb 1939 to Feb 1941; Felix J. Frazer (described as a WPA investigator) spent two years "assisting, begging, cajoling and threatening Moray"; REA engineer Franklin P. Wood's report called Moray "an unmitigated ass, crackpot, nitwit, religious fanatic, essentially honest, unable to originate or perpetuate a hoax or fraud" who had "stumbled on to something". [web Salt Lake Tribune 11 Dec 1944 p.9; Chicago Daily Tribune 11 Dec 1944]. Action: obtain the printed hearing (78th Congress, Senate Agriculture and Forestry, REA investigation, 1944) and the Wood report from NARA RG 221/RG 46. It would give the government's own account of the 1939 tests and the device's destruction, and correct the 5th edition's "1942" date. The Wood report is the nearest thing to a neutral engineer's assessment in the record; it judged Moray honest but gave no measurement in the quoted part.
2. A 74-page FBI file on Moray exists (Claim 6; research recommendation R-04). FBI FOIA request 917273, subject "MORAY, T HENRY", closed 17 Aug 2000, 74 pages reviewed, 72 released, requester Michael J. Ravnitzky. [web Internet Archive, FBI FOIA log 2000-2002]. Action: request the previously released file by number from the FBI (or from the requester or governmentattic.org). It could settle what the FBI knew about the 1940 shooting (the 5th edition says Moray promised to report it to the FBI and no police report was made) and whether there was federal interest beyond the Yakovlev cross-reference.
3. Who Frazer and Wood were (Claim 6). Felix J. Frazer was probably the Technocracy economist (National Survey of Potential Product Capacity, 1935), later Grand Prolocutor of the Builders of the Adytum; Franklin P. Wood was probably the Denver engineer who organised the American Technocratic League. The 5th edition's "Columbia University scientists" and "investigating spiritual seances" details fit this; the "change the present stupid profit system" phrase in the 1944 story does too. Identity not proven. If confirmed, it reframes the REA episode as Technocrat-led rather than utility- or intelligence-led, which bears on the suppression reading in the folder's analysis 09.
4. Moray Products litigation is in a real court (Claim 6, Hayes testimony). Second Judicial District Court, Washoe County, Nevada, "In re Moray Products Company", petition by Thomas Henry Moray under section 35 of the Nevada corporations act, notice published Apr-May 1932. [web Salt Lake Tribune 27 Apr 1932 p.17]. Action: request the case file from the Washoe County Clerk or Nevada State Archives; it should contain the Hayes testimony that the patent-paper rebuild failed (QE open question).
5. Sanford v. Moray, 1942 (Claim 6, business history). Third District Court judgment of $1,290 for failure to deliver stock bought in "a corporation to use radiant energy in aircraft". [web Deseret News 27 May 1942 p.15]. New; nothing on this in the digests. Action: Salt Lake County Third District Court records (Utah State Archives).
6. Research Institute and Moray v. Mark J. Hagmann, 1970 (Claims 4 and 6). Suit for return of papers (case 195569). [web Daily Record 25 Sep 1970 p.1]. Hagmann's endorsement is printed in the 5th edition. Action: identify Hagmann and the papers; a technically trained collaborator's own account of the late-1960s work would be valuable.
7. Dating "Radiant Energy" (facts.json). Copyright: 20-page "Radiant energy ... compiled for the layman", Research Institute, (c) 23 Dec 1945 (new matter pp.3-17); 55-leaf "Radiant energy" with new matter, (c) 15 Jan 1956. [web Catalog of Copyright Entries 1946 and 1956]. The folder's "1926" printing, which cites post-1945 physics, may be the 1956 version. Also a 1946 "Short treatise on Alpha, Beta, Gamma ray therapy" (Claim 5).
8. 1949 therapy and transmutation claims (Claim 5). Ogden Standard-Examiner 11 Mar 1949: visitors told the "cos ray machine" was "reportedly quite successful in treating cancer" and that Moray's transmutation work was "now being proved at Harvard". Shows the cancer claim was in circulation by 1949.
9. Okuto and Crowell papers (aa-Papers-To-Obtain). All three located and confirmed (PRB 6, 3076, 1972; PRB 10, 4284, 1974; Solid-State Electronics 18, 161, 1975); none free online. Peripheral to the claims.

Run 2 leads (2026-10-03)

Status of run-1 leads: Lead 1 obtained (printed hearing read on HathiTrust; see 10-12). Lead 2: still not obtained; a 2011 request returned "No Records" (see 14). Lead 3: Frazer's investigator career strengthened (see 12). Leads 4-6: case numbers found for the Utah suits (see 15); Washoe file and Hagmann 1970 file still to request.

10. The government's own account of the REA episode (Claim 6; Claims 1-2 indirectly). Administration of the Rural Electrification Act, Senate Agriculture and Forestry subcommittee hearings, 78th Cong., S. Res. 197, pt.4-5, pp.1344-1345 (investigators' report by V. A. Young) [web https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d03587118y&seq=486]. Moray was an REA "power consultant" at $25/day from 17 Feb 1939 to 28 Feb 1941; Carmody approved the inquiry in fall 1938 at the urging of constituents of Rep. H. Jerry Voorhis and REA staff; REA bought "expensive electrical equipment" for his laboratory; Frazer was "reputedly an advocate of technocracy" and Wood "also a believer in technocracy"; Wood's report is dated August 1939 and its full text adds that Moray believed the device "a revelation from heaven". The report is an interested party's document (staff of a hostile inquiry into Slattery's REA, framing the projects as "revolutionary and fantastic ... followed through to negative conclusions"), but it confirms the employment, dates and personnel from the record. It corrects the 5th edition's 1942 dating and supports the family's account that the REA engagement was real and Frazer pressed Moray hard ("threatening").
11. A named physicist's dissent, in writing, 1940 (Claims 1-2). Prof. Orin Tugman, head of physics, University of Utah, wrote to Craig in May 1940 that in 12 years Moray never let him see a demonstration (excuses: not in repair; a part coming from abroad), that demonstrations were "made to men not fitted to be critical", that an agent was told "to stay away from physicists and engineers", that investors got no return, and that it was "a very clever hoax" [web, same volume p.1345]. First contemporary critic's statement found outside the family books. It should be weighed beside the witness record (Claim 1) as the strongest documented argument that qualified sceptics were kept away; Tugman was not a neutral party either (he had a reputation and the University's standing at stake), and his letter reports refusals, not a failed test.
12. New detail from the Slattery interview of 2 June 1943 (Claims 1, 6; Silence C, D). [web, same volume pp.1370-1376] (a) Craig said he saw Moray, "with a small aluminum disk", "run a small motor and fans by current, unseen current" (a second-hand witness description; motors, not lamps); (b) the laboratory was financed by a Los Angeles "Smith family" (cement fortune) for "hundreds of thousands of dollars", with any patents to go to REA, and REA understood it "had a contract with him"; (c) Secretary Wallace had met Moray and asked about progress; (d) Senator King called Moray a "nut" and Slattery ended his employment after talking to King (Slattery places Moray still on the roll in Nov 1942, against the report's Feb 1941 end date); (e) "a mysterious story went around that the Germans had tried to assassinate him, and that story got into the Salt Lake papers" (first non-family mention of an attempt on his life; the press story is not yet found); (f) Frazer said he took advice "in connection with the Moray radiant energy matter from Mr. Glassford" at Columbia University (fits the 5th edition's "Columbia University scientists"). Also: Felix J. Frazer served subpoenas for the La Follette Civil Liberties Committee in 1937 [web HathiTrust osu.32437122905215 pp.3268-3324], supporting the identification of the REA's Frazer as a professional investigator. Actions: identify the "Smith family" foundation (its records may hold test reports); find the 1940 Salt Lake story; Carmody Papers (FDR Library, NAID 83577592) and RG 221 for Wood's full report and Moray's REA contract.
13. Army Ordnance witnessed a demonstration in December 1936 (Claims 1, 6). War Department AGO index sheets (NARA RG 407, T822): Brig. Gen. Edward M. Shinkle, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, reported 8/14 Dec 1936 on "Invention of sound detector by F. [T.] Henry Moray"; in Feb 1939 John H. Magdiel, through Sen. Elbert D. Thomas, asked for "the report of Col. Edward M. Shinkle who witnessed a demonstration of Radiant Energy device" [web https://catalog.archives.gov/id/557685758 images 1099-1100; images saved]. The family books say "General Shinkle and Captain Deitrick" saw 1936 demonstrations; this is the first independent document that the visit happened and that Shinkle wrote a report. Action: request AGO central decimal file 413.68 (and name file 095 Moray), 1936-39, from NARA College Park; Shinkle's report would be a military officer's eyewitness account, and its filing as a "sound detector" (a receiver) bears on whether the Army saw a power source at all.
14. FBI: 2000 release of 72 pages, 2011-13 request answered "No Records" (Silence B). FBI FOIA log Q1 2013: "BADIA, LYNN | MORAY, THOMAS HENRY DR. | 1178194-002 | 12/01/2011 | ... | 02/11/2013 | 0 | 0 | No Records" [web https://archive.org/download/UnsortedFBIDocuments/foia-log-1-1-2013-to-3-31-2013-pdf_djvu.txt]. Also a CIA FOIA request "F-2000-01342 THOMAS HENRY MORAY", 22 Jun 2000 [web governmentattic.org CIA FOIA logs 1999-2004, via Google snippet]. The FBI's later "No Records" against its own earlier release is an anomaly (destroyed file, different index, narrower search). Action: request the 2000 release as previously processed records (cite 917273) and ask whether the file was destroyed and when; ask the 2000 requester (Ravnitzky) and the 2011 requester (Badia) for copies; check the CIA request's outcome.
15. Moray's money troubles in the court indexes (Claim 6; Silence E, "commercial failure"). Third District Court (Salt Lake) civil indexes [web https://images.archives.utah.gov/ collection 6071]: Ashton-Jenkins Co. v. Thomas H. Moray, case 46754 ($2,500 on mortgage, Dec 1930); Progressive Heating Co. / E. H. Brewster v. Moray, 65983 (1941); Home Owners' Loan Corporation v. T. H. and Ella R. Moray, 67422 (1941-43); Sanford v. Moray, 67845 and 68210 (1942); Ken Williams v. Moray (1940-43); Green/Christensen v. Mrs Henry Moray, 80824 (1947-48); Roy Ware v. T. Henry Moray, 104172 (1954-56). Also a Utah corporation Moray Manufacturing Company, no. 022465, later struck off. Shows recurring debt litigation through the REA years and after; consistent with the "lack of capital" explanation, silent on the device. Actions: order case files 67845/68210 (the radiant-energy-in-aircraft stock) and 104172 from the Utah State Archives; the Moray Manufacturing incorporation file (officers, purpose, dates).
16. An outside archive of Moray correspondence, 1928-1957 (Claims 1, 4; Fletcher dispute). University of Ottawa Archives, Arthur Bray fonds, Wilbert B. Smith research files: "Correspondence: 'Radiant Energy' Invention (by Dr. T. H. Moray)", 1928-1956; a Marcel C. Schiess file, 1928-1957, of "correspondence and reports ... about T. H. Moray's 'radiant energy' discovery"; Smith-A. R. Hooper correspondence [web, Google snippets of arcs-atom.uottawa.ca; site itself blocked]. The 5th edition prints a Fletcher letter to Schiess. Copies of contemporary letters here were not edited by the Moray family. Action: retry the catalogue; request copies of F4 and the Schiess file.
17. Trade-press reaction (Claim 6, interested parties). Electrical World (private utility trade weekly), 11 Nov 1944, ridiculed REA's "Industrial Revolution Projects" from the same report ("This scientist retailed perpetual motion to REA at $25 a day for two years") [web https://archive.org/details/sim_electrical-world_1944-11-11_122_20]. Shows how the industry press used the hearing against REA; it adds no test data.

Run 3 leads (2026-10-04)

Status of earlier leads: Lead 16 (Ottawa) obtained at catalogue level (see 18). Lead 13 (Shinkle) extended (see 21). Lead 2/14 (FBI 917273): no posting found on FBI Vault, MuckRock, governmentattic or theblackvault; CIA F-2000-01342 outcome not posted in the CIA reading room. Leads 4-6 and 15 (Washoe, Utah cases): no online route found this run (Nevada's online entity index starts after the 1930s).

Priority 1: the inventor's own work 18. Ottawa: six files of Moray material collected by Wilbert B. Smith, 1928-1959 (Claims 1, 2, 4, 6; Fletcher dispute). Arthur Bray fonds 30-003: S1-SS5-F4 "Correspondence: 'Radiant Energy' Invention (by Dr. T. H. Moray)", 1928-1956, 0.7 cm, with "a brief biography of Dr. T. H. Moray and his associates"; S1-SS5-F24 Marcel C. Schiess, 1928-1957: "correspondence and reports ... about T. H. Moray's 'radiant energy' discovery", "witness accounts of the machine in use", and technical drawings; S1-SS4-F4 "two letters concerning Dr. T. H. Moray's demonstration of reducing cosmic energy to electrical energy"; S1-SS5-F6 Carl H. Betz, 1945-1954 (author of the folder's 1954 witness notes), with two Moray leaflets; F8 Richard Buchli 1957-58 (mentions Moray); F17 Hooper 1958-59 [web https://arcs-atom.uottawa.ca/index.php/correspondence-radiant-energy-invention-by-dr-t-h-moray ; finding aid saved]. Contemporary letters, witness reports and drawings that went to a Canadian government engineer, not through the family's editors. Action: order copies of F4, F24, SS4-F4, F6 and F8 (about 2 cm). 19. The 1946 therapy treatise, full text (Claim 5d; Claim 4). "A Short Treatise on Alpha, Beta, Gamma Ray Therapy", (c) 1946 "By Dr. Henry Moray" [web https://archive.org/details/thomas-henry-moray-radiant-energy ; text saved]. The Cosray applicators emit alpha, beta and gamma rays, have a "half life ... about 1600 years" (the half-life of radium-226 [memory, high]), and penetrate the body and 1/2 inch of lead "(proven by Geiger Muller Counter tests)"; "No special shielding protection is necessary"; they are "the discovery and invention of John Eugene and Richard R. Moray". This is the family's own statement that the therapy device was radioactive. It sits beside the folder's radium-chloride valve recipe and Perreault's "no radioactivity" in the surviving tubes (different objects, perhaps). It also bears on the 1963 FDA action and on who invented Cosray (the 1949 patent is in T. H. Moray's name). 20. Two works by or about Moray in his lifetime, not in the folder (Claims 1, 7). (a) A Brief Analysis of the Moray Radiant Energy Device: What it Is, Possibilities, Testimonies, by T. H. Moray, 50 pp., undated [web Google Books lE4FNQAACAAJ], probably the original printing of the witness testimonies. (b) J. Cecil Alter, Utah, the Storied Domain (1932), pp.439-440: a full biography of "Thomas Henry Moray, Utah's electrical wizard, inventor, scientist, editor, poultry expert" with family history (Sweden) [web Google Books snippet]. It is likely based on Moray's own information [memory, medium] and may say what education and degree he claimed in 1932 (Claim 7: Uppsala). Also: a 20-page Radiant Energy dated 1943 in the UN ECAFE library list (1950, p.160), against the copyright date of 23 Dec 1945 (dating of the folder's printings). Action: library copies (WorldCat blocked; try HathiTrust when the extension allows it, or ask a library).

Priority 2: support by others 21. The December 1936 Army test was of the sound detector, by both the Army's and the family's account; the report was cross-filed under Moray's attorney (Claim 4; Claim 6). Three more AGO index sheets for the same 14 Dec 1936 Shinkle report: under the 095 name file "Steffensen, K. K." (Moray's attorney and Research Institute secretary), under 023, and under "Cities: Salt Lake City" [web NARA NAIDs 557741114 img 2033; 556983073 img 2453; 561454645 img 631; images saved]. The family narrative (5th ed., reproduced at https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/th-moray/10546066) says the test for "a General Shinkle of the War Department and an accompanying Captain" with "about eight civilians" was of the "Sound Detector Device" driving loudspeakers. Moray offered it free if it bore his name, and Rep. Thomas Amlie later told him a report was filed but the offer not accepted [web]. So the Army record and the family agree. Shinkle's report would document a receiver demonstration and the Army's decision; it is not a test of the power claim. Action: NARA RG 407 AGO central decimal file 413.68 (1926-39) and the 095 Steffensen name file; Amlie papers. 22. Mark J. Hagmann identified, probably (Claim 5; Silence E). The 1970 defendant is very probably Mark J. Hagmann (born 1939), B.S. physics BYU 1960, Ph.D. electrical engineering Utah 1978, later a research professor in bioelectromagnetics [web IEEE author bio, http://embiolab.ifac.cnr.it/SitesP2/biblio/inseriti/Hyperthermia_1985.pdf]. In 1966 "Mark J. Hagmann, M.A." lectured to the Paracelsus Research Society (Salt Lake City) on "Little Known Cases of Transmutations in the 19th and 20th Century" [web alkahest.com bulletin No. 29 via pdfcoffee]. A trained physicist with a documented interest in transmutation, sued in 1970 by the Research Institute for the return of papers, is a candidate collaborator in the 1963-70 gold work and a possible living witness. Action: the 1970 case file (Salt Lake district court 195569); his transmutation bibliography. 23. Replication attempts: none documented with measurements. Searches found only hobby videos (2016-2025), a Reddit "blueprint" and an open "specification" (2025), none with metered input and output [web, see the Google note]. This is the state of the record, stated so the reviewers do not assume replications exist.

Priority 3: related work 24. Tesla's 1901 radiant-energy receiver is the same principle (Claim 3). US 685,957 (elevated plate + ground charging a condenser, periodically discharged through a load; Tesla attributes the charge to "minute particles of matter positively electrified" from the sun and other sources) [web https://patents.google.com/patent/US685957A/en]. Moray's Beyond the Light-Rays quotes Tesla's "wheelwork of nature" passage. The physicist should give the power such an antenna-ground collector delivers. 25. Solid-state amplification before Bell Labs is documented for others (Claim 4). Losev's zincite negative-resistance amplifiers and oscillators (1923-24) and Lilienfeld's field-effect patents (Canada 1925; US 1,745,175, 1930) [web Wikipedia]. A "germanium-like detector valve" in 1925-31 is therefore historically possible. Both need a bias supply; neither is a power source. 26. Bearden's zero-point-vacuum reading of Moray (Claim 3; Claim 6), an interested party's characterization. Bearden restates the "sea of energy" as vacuum energy tapped by subharmonic resonance across 29 detector stages. He tells the REA story as Soviet infiltration ("Z") and cites the Salt Lake Tribune of 2 Dec 1941 (Rep. Winter calling for an REA probe). He says the 157-h run "produced over fifty kilowatts", against the folder's primary record of about 110-120 W [web Wayback copy of cheniere.org; saved]. Useful to the reviewers as the strongest modern restatement of Claim 3, and as a clear case of figures inflating in later retellings.

Priority 4: historical record 27. Carmody Papers box list (Claim 6; Silence C). FDR Library, Carmody Papers: REA Chronological File Box 102 (Apr 1938-Feb 1939) and Box 103 (Apr-Jul 1939); card indexes Boxes 91-94 (correspondence, personnel, engineering, projects); Box 99 "Senate Hearings [1944]"; Box 30 "Technocracy" (about 1930-33) [web finding aid saved]. These are the most specific boxes found so far for Carmody's 1938 approval, the Feb 1939 engagement and Wood's Aug 1939 report. Action: ask the FDR Library to check Boxes 91-94, 102, 103 and 99 for Moray, Frazer and Wood. 28. Nevada: Moray Products Company is not in the online entity index (Claim 6). The public ORION search finds no Moray entity before 1987 [web]. The 1931-32 corporate file and the Washoe case must be requested offline.

Follow-up leads (2026-10-06)

Priority 1: the inventor's own work 29. The Rutherford passage and the surrounding radioactivity pages are Le Bon's (follow-up Q01) (Claim 5). Radiant Energy printed pp.53-56 (also the 1945 printing and Sea of Energy 4th/5th eds.) reproduce, in order and nearly verbatim, Gustave Le Bon, The Evolution of Matter (1905; Legge transl.), Book IV Ch.III, without visible credit in the pages read. Le Bon wrote "I think that, on this point, the experiments of Rutherford and his pupils should be taken up anew"; Moray's text reads "It could prove profitable if these experiments of Rutherford and his co-workers were taken up again". Le Bon's footnote: alpha particles may be emitted by all matter but detected only above a minimum velocity (Strutt, Nature 25 Jan 1906). The experiments meant are Rutherford's 1902-06 alpha-velocity measurements (which found alphas vanish from detection at about 9,000 km/s), not scattering or the 1919 transmutation [web https://www.rexresearch.com/lebonmat/lebonmat.htm ; https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/lecture/]. The c.1905 numbers (1/10 c, 30,000 km/s, 70,000 alphas per gram per second for U) are Le Bon's too. Le Bon's "not only with salts of radium" also settles the "now only" slip (Q04). 32. The spinthariscope "phosphorescent sulphide" sentence and the calcium sulphide "eighteen months" passage are Le Bon's too (follow-up Q04) (Claim 5). Radiant Energy p.54 turns Le Bon's first-person "I have succeeded, by using certain varieties of phosphorescent sulfide, in making screens ... not only with salts of radium, but also with divers substances, notably thorium and uranium" into "One may ... succeed ... with other substances" and adds his own "Herein be the door to greater discoveries" (also "Herein may lie a prototype of the action of the universe", p.55). Le Bon's footnote: thin sulphide layer on varnished glass, laid on the sample, viewed with a loupe after 15 minutes' dark adaptation; uranium and thorium minerals and an incandescent mantle scintillate. Isotopes in Ionic Recovery of U3O8 (1958-59) p.6 copies Le Bon's "In my former experiments on phosphorescence ... calcium sulfide ... radiates invisible light for 18 months ... residual charge ... made visible by ... infrared rays", changing "energy" to "matter or particles". Neither passage credits Le Bon [web https://www.rexresearch.com/lebonmat/lebonmat.htm ; read: _text].

Priority 3: related work 30. Rutherford-school direct conversion as precedent for the 1968 proposal (follow-up Q01) (Claim 4). The 1968 proposal cites Rutherford, Chadwick and Ellis ("1899") and Le Bon ("1897") for direct conversion, and Safenev's "experiments dating back to 1913". The 1913 work fits H. G. J. Moseley's radium beta cell in Rutherford's Manchester laboratory (Proc. Roy. Soc. A 88, 471-476), the first atomic battery [web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moseley]; "1899" fits Rutherford's electrometer separation of alpha and beta rays (Phil. Mag. 47, 1899) [web Nobel lecture]. The proposal itself does not name Moseley. 31. The infrared-detector paragraph of the 1968 proposal is a correct summary of 1968 detector practice, not a CMB reference (follow-up Q02) (Claim 4; Claim 3). p.1: extrinsic detectors "beyond 6 microns" need "below 40° K"; a narrow-gap intrinsic detector is "not beyond the realm of possibility"; the problem is a gap narrow enough for long waves yet wide enough that "reasonable cooling" suppresses thermal excitation [read: gov-Airforce p.1]. This matches Ge:Hg (about 30 K, cutoff about 14 um; first FLIR 1969) and the HgCdTe/PbSnTe programme (Lawson 1959; 77 K goal) [web https://link.springer.com/article/10.2478/s11772-012-0037-7 ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_cadmium_telluride]. The CMB (found 1965 at 7.35 cm; peak about 1 mm, photon about 0.0012 eV) is about 100 times longer in wavelength than the passage's range [web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_cosmic_microwave_background_radiation]; the proposal never mentions microwaves or a 3 K background, and its "oscillations from the Universe" / "radiations of the Cosmos" sit with cosmic rays, Van Allen particles and Compton-scattered X-rays (pp.4-7, 10, 12). The paragraph leads into the claim that the Institute's tubes are "energy transponders" that both detect and convert. No outside source of the paragraph found (exact-phrase searches return only the proposal). Stan Taylor still unidentified. 33. Sulphide phosphors, activators and the detector stone (follow-up Q04) (Claim 4). ZnS:Ag is the alpha-selective screen (low beta and gamma sensitivity); ZnS:Ag/6LiF detects thermal neutrons; ZnS:Cu (long green glow, radium-paint phosphor) is quenched by infrared, which Le Bon used as an "infrared reagent"; ZnS:Mn is strongly triboluminescent; CaS:Bi was Balmain's paint (1870); CaS:Eu,Sm and SrS:Eu,Sm store charge read out by infrared, the modern form of Le Bon's 18-month observation [web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_sulfide ; https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5445864/ ; Eljen and Scintacor product snippets]. Noffsinger's 1984 list of the detector stone ("triboluminescent zinc and radium chloride") fits ZnS:Mn and radium-zinc sulphide chemistry; a ZnS:Ag screen on a surviving tube is the simple test for alpha emission (Perreault reported no radioactivity, method not given). Le Bon's 1896 "black light" was never confirmed [web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon].

Follow-up leads (2026-10-07)

Priority 1: the inventor's own work 34. The U3O8 booklet's resonance theory is partly borrowed text (follow-up Q08) (Claim 5). Pp.20-23 follow Glasser (ed.), Medical Physics vol.1 (1944), "Roentgen Rays", pp.1354-1355, nearly word for word; Glasser's "a reduced number of valence electrons ... reduce the stability of an atom or molecule" becomes "a change in the number of valence electrons ... result in an atomic change such as the change from silver to cadmium" (p.23). P.25 turns Preston's Theory of Light (p.588 in 1928 ed.) description of an oscillating Leyden-jar discharge into "disintegration and transformation" of atoms. The "superultra sonic reaction" (p.23: current frequency and ray wavelength must "synchronize with the natural frequency or wave length of the substance treated") and Radiant Energy p.34 ("Every substance has a natural vibratory resonance and a point of dissociation") have no earlier source found. No silver or cadmium data exist in the folder.

Priority 3: related work 35. Real resonance effects on matter (follow-up Q08) (Claim 5). Mechanical resonance fractures structures (chemical-bond scale, eV); acoustic cavitation reaches 12,000-20,000 K and drives sonochemistry and sonoluminescence (discovered 1934); AVLIS ionizes 235U selectively with tuned lasers (1970s-1999), the real form of "rays tuned to the substance"; the nuclear giant dipole resonance (7-40 MeV gamma rays, 1947) breaks nuclei. Silver becomes cadmium by neutron capture (109Ag + n -> 110Ag, beta decay 24.6 s -> 110Cd) or MeV reactions (proton Coulomb barrier about 9.8 MeV), about 5 million times the energy of a sonoluminescent bubble. Combined ultrasound + light + electrolysis processes exist (sonophotocatalysis, sono-electrocatalysis) and change molecules, not elements. Keely (water "disintegrated" by "vibratory motion", 1882) and Tesla's 1898 oscillator story are the nearest predecessors of Moray's resonance idea.

Follow-up leads (2026-10-08)

Priority 1: the inventor's own work 36. The Isotopes booklet's "ten thousand times" thorium passage and the Radiant Energy folded cylinder are Le Bon's (follow-up Q11) (Claim 5). Isotopes in Ionic Recovery of U3O8 pp.4-6 follow Le Bon, The Evolution of Matter, Book IV Ch.III sec.6 "Induced Radioactivity", in order, without credit; both Rutherford credits are removed ("according to Rutherford" dropped; "Rutherford has verified" becomes "It has been demonstrated") and Le Bon's "current theory" (prevailing) becomes "electric current theory". Radiant Energy pp.58-59 (fold a metal sheet into a small cylinder, eight days in darkness, electroscope) copies Le Bon's experimental part (near p.401), changing "1 to 2 per minute" to "a definite discharge" and adding "special ray counter instruments" and "certain gas-filled tubes" [web https://www.rexresearch.com/lebonmat/lebonmat.htm ; read: _text].

Priority 3: related work 37. Rutherford's 1900 excited radioactivity: concentration raises activity per area, not energy (follow-up Q11) (Claims 4, 5). Rutherford, Phil. Mag. 49, 161 (1900); Radio-activity (1904 sec.166, 1905 sec.176): thoria in a vessel at +300 V, negative wire inside, wire "over 10,000 times as active per unit surface as the thoria". The deposit is thoron daughters (Pb-212, 10.6 h) carried as positive ions; total activity is at most the escaping thoron's, so the wire gets a fraction of the source's microwatts. Any Moray tube with a radium-bearing (carnotite) coating and a negative cathode would collect radon daughters on the cathode in the same way; the 1968 proposal's "2.5 Mev to 8 Mev" excitation matches such deposits' emissions (Tl-208 2.61 MeV gamma; 6-8.8 MeV alphas) but the proposal does not describe the source [web https://archive.org/details/radioactivity00ruth ; https://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/ruthsod.html].

Priority 2: support by others (and the reception record) 38. Le Bon's amalgamated-tin "radioactivity" matches the photoelectric effect as treated in the literature of the time; anticipated by Elster and Geitel and repeated by Ramsay and Spencer (follow-up Q12) (Claim 5). Elster and Geitel (Wied. Ann. 38, 1889; abstracted in Lodge, Signalling Across Space Without Wires, 3rd ed.): amalgams of K, Na, Zn, Sn are the most light-sensitive, "pure mercury shows no effect", only negative charge is lost; their 1892 actinometer is an amalgamated zinc sphere (Fricke and Schlegel, HGSS 8, 2017). Ramsay and Spencer, Phil. Mag. S.6 12:397-418 (Oct 1906), set out to repeat Le Bon: tin and zinc amalgams discharge "much too rapid for accurate measurement" (Table IX: mercury 216 s, tin amalgam 0.6 s); but no measurable positive leak and no discharge through metal shields; they read it as atomic "disintegration", possibly transmutation. Millikan and Winchester, Phil. Mag. S.6 14:188 (1907), treat the same data as photoelectric and reject the Ramsay-Spencer mechanism. N. R. Campbell, Athenaeum 17 Feb 1906: Le Bon's experiments "perfectly inadequate"; light-provoked activity is not spontaneous radioactivity; a "Mr. Carse" failed to repeat one of them. Moray copies Le Bon's thesis that the ultraviolet charge loss is "dissociation of matter" (Radiant Energy printed p.46; Sea of Energy 4th ed. pdf p.68, 5th ed. pdf p.220) but not the amalgam experiments; the sons' "synthetic radioactivity as described by Gustave LeBon" (5th ed. pdf p.187) may point to this chapter. Recheck: Athenaeum 1906 pp.237-366 replies; Nye 1974 HSPS 4:163-195.

Priority 3: related work 39. Plauson's photoelectric amalgam patches on an atmospheric collector (follow-up Q12) (Claim 3). Plauson, US 1,540,998 (1925), in the Nuenergy compilation (pdf p.83): "zinc amalgam or gold amalgam or other photoelectric acting metals in ... extremely thin layers (.01 to .05 mm.)" on the collector balloon, and "polonium amalgams" for the greatest effect. The Elster-Geitel amalgam photocathode applied to atmospheric-energy collection; photocurrents from sunlit amalgams are of order nanoamperes per 100 cm2 [calc, Q12 note]. 40. Ives's alkali cells descend from Elster and Geitel's photosensitive metals, but the standing-wave effect is a different mechanism (follow-up Q12) (Claim 4). Ives 1924 (ApJ 60) opens with Elster and Geitel's alkali films; Ives 1926 (BSTJ 5:320) calls the commercial cell "the alkali metal photoelectric cell as developed by the work of Elster and Geitel". The selective effect depends on film thickness and standing light waves, not on amalgamation; no tin or mercury appears in Moray's reported detector ingredients.

Priority 1: the inventor's own work (follow-up Q09) 41. The diamond and "other properties" passages are Le Bon's, with one Moray insertion (follow-up Q09) (Claims 4, 5). Radiant Energy printed p.54 (scan p.55) copies Le Bon, Evolution of Matter Book IV Ch.III, on phosphorescent diamonds and drops Le Bon's footnote: he gauged radium samples by the glow of Brazilian diamonds ("Cape diamonds never"). Printed p.58 copies Book VI Ch.VII sec.1 on doped phosphors but adds "and sometimes other properties", drops copper from the activators, and turns "our balances" into "an analytical balance". No Moray document read names diamond as his detector. research/2026-10-08-followup-Q09.md 42. Foster 1990: Moray "detector" pellets pressed in a diamond press (follow-up Q09) (Claim 4). Perreault, Nuenergy (2001) p.30 quotes Arthur Glenn Foster (11 Apr 1990): "Project X" pressed ground, radium-doped "Swedish Stone" into detector pellets in a Tracy Hall tetrahedral press; at a critical pressure the material "flashed" and the pulse burned out the 2000-amp die-heater supply and a pole transformer. One participant's account in an advocate's compilation; no original found online. Readings: stored-energy release under pressure; a short circuit through the hot pellet or die (the heater supply's own energy); or both. Deciding records: Foster's letter, press log, contractor. research/2026-10-08-followup-Q09.md

Priority 3: related work (follow-up Q09) 43. Verified figures for the vacancy-current and hidden-reservoir arguments (follow-up Q09) (Claims 3, 5). Moseley 1913: radon bulb (20 mCi, alphas stopped) charged to about 150 kV at about 0.01 nA, about 1.5 microwatts (abstract plus secondary figures); 109Ag to 109Cd is 215 keV uphill, 107Ag to 107Cd 1,416 keV; bare 163Dy 47 d and bare 187Re 32.9 yr bound-state decay (not possible for silver); Borexino neutrino luminosity within about 10% of the photon luminosity; N_eff 2.99 +/- 0.17 (Planck 2018); Weber's stiff-crystal neutrino enhancement (about 10^23) tested four times with null results (Franklin 2010). research/2026-10-08-followup-Q09.md

Priority 3: related work (follow-up Q15) 44. Why gas tubes rectify, and why mercury on the anode undoes it (follow-up Q15) (Claim 4, the Moray valve as a one-way element). Mercury-arc tubes rectify because the mercury pool sustains a cathode spot and the cool, distant carbon or iron anode does not (Wikipedia, Mercury-arc valve; Güntherschulze, Electric Rectifiers and Valves, 1928, p.54). Prince and Vogdes (1927): "the condensation of the mercury on the anode causes the formation of a cathode spot there" (arc-back); Güntherschulze p.162: copper parts iron-plated "to protect it from the amalgamating mercury vapour". Glow rectifiers work by unequal cathode falls (alkali vs platinum: 80 V vs 180 V, p.46) and unequal areas (Pintsch, Osram, Raytheon; Na-K-coated iron cathode, pp.153-155); the Argonal rectifier used alkali in a mercury cathode (pp.192-194). Tin and mercury differ by 0.055 eV in work function (Wikipedia), about 2 V of cathode fall by Güntherschulze's 44.4 V per volt [calc]; so a tin-mercury tube has little material asymmetry, and amalgamation removes it. No tin-mercury tube or measured ratio found; no Le Bon tube experiment. 45. The tube's own 253.7 nm light frees photoelectrons, at nanoampere scale (follow-up Q15) (Claims 3, 5). 4.887 eV exceeds Hg 4.475 and Sn 4.42 eV [calc]; near-threshold quantum yield of similar metals 1e-6 to 1e-4 (LISA Pathfinder, arXiv:1807.02435), giving about 2-20 nA per mW of absorbed ultraviolet [calc]. Le Bon's own tables: amalgamated tin beats tin by about 500 times in sunlight (near threshold) but only 2.5 times under spark ultraviolet (680 vs 270). Facing surfaces with unequal quantum yields give a one-way photocurrent in vacuum (LISA): a real nanoampere 'photoelectric valve'.

Priority 1: the inventor's own work (follow-up Q16) 46. Moray describes his valve as a threshold gas discharge that fires stage to stage, a "bucket brigade" (follow-up Q16) (Claims 3, 4). Sea of Energy 4th ed. pp.55-56 (5th ed. p.214): capacitors charge until "when a certain voltage is reached, ionization occurs in the gases of the discharged tube" and they discharge "into other condensers of the oscillators"; "When ionization in the preceding tubes is no longer possible because of the reduced voltage, the process starts all over again ... much like a bucket brigade"; "a blocked circuit of no return". With p.116 (peak pulses "spill" through a valve that "prevents the return or feed-back of energy" into a lower-frequency stage) and p.139 (waves pass "in only one direction at a time ... without necessarily changing from H.F. or A.C. to D.C.", while the same assembly is also used "for the rectification and amplification" of radio signals). The valve in the cascade is a threshold one-way coupler; "rectifier" fits only the receiver use.

Priority 3: related work (follow-up Q16) 47. Wien's quenched gap (1906) does the same job in a transmitter (follow-up Q16) (Claim 4). It conducts during the transfer and goes out at the first current zero, so the next circuit "oscillate[s] completely free of the primary circuit" and energy does not slosh back (Wikipedia, Spark-gap transmitter, citing Leggett 1921; NBS Circular 74). Difference: Wien transferred through a close-coupled resonant transformer (little loss); a direct capacitor-to-capacitor gap dump loses about half the energy [calc]. Moray's next stage rings lower, like an injection-locked divider (Razavi 2004, Fig.5). 48. The earlier stage feels the load through the size of each impulse, not by back-flow; an ideal ferrite isolator would hide it (follow-up Q16) (Claims 1, 3). Through a threshold gap, a loaded next tank sits at lower voltage when the gap fires, so more charge passes (example: 3.2 mJ vs 2.55 mJ per firing) [calc]: "the draft of current is adapted to the load" (Radiant Energy p.19; Valley State 1962). Adler's equation (Razavi eq.8) gives a phase change from loading only when the stage is detuned. A matched antenna absorbs at most as much as it re-radiates; an unloaded one absorbs nothing (Gustafsson et al. 2012), which fits p.116's need for "a suitable load". Bench test: diode, gas tube and ferrite isolator (or active buffer) as the valve, power drawn against load.

Priority 3: related work (follow-up Q17) 49. Multipaction fits several features of the Moray valve but needs a supply and a hard vacuum (follow-up Q17) (Claims 3, 4, 6). Farnsworth's cold-cathode multipactor tubes (1934-36) carried watts to kilowatts with no heater, from 100 kHz to 300 MHz, but converted the anode battery's power ("efficiency as high as 90%", Wireless World 3 Apr 1936; Halloran, RADIO Oct 1934). Radioactive β seed sources are standard in multipactor testing (ECSS-E-ST-20-01C 6.5.5d). Multipactor has lower and upper thresholds (Kishek and Lau 1998, aa-new) and transient overshoots that release up to 20% of a cavity's stored energy (Kishek, Lau and Gilgenbach 1996, aa-new): a surge mechanism from stored energy. Against it as Moray's mechanism: his own "Ionic cold cathode tubes" (4th ed. p.107) and "ionization occurs in the gases" (pp.55-56); multipactor needs about 10^-5 hPa and f x d >= 0.43 GHz mm (gaps of 0.4-4 m at 1 MHz-100 kHz in the two-plate case). The 1934-36 Farnsworth tubes give a [web] source for the arbiter's point that the examiner's "not heated" ground was narrow. 50. No measured case of multipaction giving net energy (follow-up Q17) (Claims 3, 4). Every source treats it as an RF load (Kishek 1996: saturation "by its loading of the cavity"; ECSS detection by noise, phase and harmonics). Two "over unity" readings exist: Borderland Sciences' 1989 note on a tube lent by Farnsworth's widow ("may produce over 100% efficiency"; further tests promised, no result found: a lead for Journal of Borderland Research 1989-91), and Lyden's US 11,588,421 B1 (2023), which reads Farnsworth's "ratio greater than unity" (secondary-electron yield) in US 2,139,813 as "over unity". Both are interested parties; Farnsworth's own patents name an anode battery. 51. Records to obtain (follow-up Q17) (Claim 4). The gas fill, pressure, gap and electrode surface of any surviving Moray tube (Perreault's; House of Moray archive), which would decide between a multipactor, a gas-gap and a crystal reading; Moray's tank frequencies and valve voltages (notebooks, p.115 schematic image); no link was found between D. V. Farnsworth (Moray Products Co. president, 1931-32) and Philo T. Farnsworth.

Priority 1: the inventor's own work (follow-up Q18) 52. Moray framed both the ore process and the 1968 device as resonant release of nuclear energy (follow-up Q18) (Claims 3, 5). Isotopes booklet p.3: "Transmutation, Activation, and Fission are essentially one in the same reaction"; p.24: tube frequencies and rays give "a catalytic reaction ... similar to the action of meson from cosmic rays on fission materials"; p.26: nature's decay "shortened from many years to a few days". 1968 proposal pp.2-4: "excitation energy (between 2.5 Mev to 8 Mev)", "resonance absorption and re-emission", release "without fission taking place". Booklet p.34: "This is not a refining method at all. The sylicate sand and foreign matter are not removed" (Moray's own statement that no mass is discarded, which bears on the arbiter's 5c mass balance).

Priority 3: related work (follow-up Q18) 53. Triggered isomers: real stores, disputed triggers, no natural source (follow-up Q18) (Claims 3, 5). 178m2Hf (2,446 keV, 31 y, 1.33 GJ/g): Collins PRL 82 695 (1999), dental x-rays, about 4% rise in decay lines; Ahmad PRL 87 072503 (2001), APS: none, limit more than 5 orders lower; LLNL 2008 evaluation of DARPA TRIP: "statistically marginal and inconsistent"; TRIP's own FOUO report described as confirming (Wikipedia; not seen). 93mMo (2,425 keV, 6.85 h): Chiara Nature 554 216 (2018) 1% per ion attributed to NEEC; theory 9 orders lower (Wu 2019); Guo PRL 128 242502 (2022) upper limit 2e-5; Ding PRL (2026) 2.0e-5 in Pb, 4.7e-6 in C, inelastic nuclear scattering, not NEEC. NEET in 197Au: 5.0e-8 (Kishimoto PRL 85 1831, 2000), no store in stable gold. Both isomers are accelerator-made; none exists in Moray's materials. 54. Photofission is real but far above the booklet's energies and a net energy sink in natural uranium (follow-up Q18) (Claim 5). Discovered 1940 (Westinghouse); about 10 MeV gammas, giant dipole resonance 7-40 MeV; near-barrier data 4.3-6.0 MeV (PRC 98 054609, 2018); the booklet's top energy is 1.8 MV. At kilowatt scale it would leave about 1.6e14 fissions per second, fission products (I-131, Cs-137, Sr-90) and neutrons that AEC and Bureau of Mines radiometric tests would have shown. 5 kW of triggered isomer gamma rays would give about 1 Gy per second at 1 m [calc]. 55. Records to obtain (follow-up Q18) (Claims 1, 5). Germanium gamma spectrum of any surviving treated ore or Moray tube (fission or activation products versus natural U/Th/Ra lines); the full 1956 Bureau of Mines report (what instrument saw the "artificial" substance); any radiation survey of a running device (notebooks; 1938 Utah Securities Commission file).