Investigator sites log: Malove-Eugene (Eugene F. Mallove, "Tesla and the Aether", Infinite Energy #48, 2003)

Run 1: 2026-10-04 (first run; no earlier sites.md). Standard 10-minute browsing cap; stopped by choice after 9 sites. Chrome (claude-in-chrome) was used for all searching and browsing. curl was used only to save pages already found in Chrome, and as a fallback for Google Patents pages, which rendered blank to the Chrome text tools. Notes are in research/2026-10-04-*.md. Saved copies are in research/files/.

Interested-party note: most of the new primary material comes from websites run by Paulo and Alexandra Correa (eugenemallove.com, aetherometry.com, aetherenergy.com). They hold the PAGD patents and were Mallove's collaborators. The material is reported as their selection and characterization.

Keywords tried

• "Mallove" "Correa" PAGD "power ratio" OR "excess power" 2002
• PNAS 1998 95 2670 acupuncture fMRI visual cortex Cho Jones retraction
• Google Patents: inventor:(Paulo N Correa); US5502354A; US5416391A; US5449989A
• site:govinfo.gov "Correa" "pulsed abnormal glow discharge"
• "Carrell" PAGD Correa "Infinite Energy" demonstration OR report
• aetherometry "S2-13" OR "S2-14" OR "S2-15" Tesla coils massfree
• "Joie Jones" acupuncture "Society for Scientific Exploration" OR "Journal of Scientific Exploration" fMRI speed
• "Skeptical Inquirer" 1994 "Strange Legacy of Nikola Tesla" Jeff Johnson

Keywords not yet tried (built from the documents and from this run's findings): - "cold electricity" Mallove; "massfree" Tesla coil; "Tesla radiation" Galvani - "Labofex"; "Aurora Biophysics Research Institute"; "Akronos"; "Aethera"; "XS NRG"; "Azure" (the Correa development plan) - WO 94/03918; WO 94/09560; GB 2284093; CA 2141309; CA 2147153; IL 107285; AU 5147693 - "Mike Carrell" Correa 1999; "Uri Soudak"; "Ted Loder" "Z Prize"; "Space Energy Access Systems" PAGD - "New Energy Research Laboratory" Mallove Reich thermal anomaly; "To-T" (ORAC temperature difference) - In German: "Correa" "Plasma-Entladung" NET-Journal 1998 (Bahman) - "So CS" OR "Jones JP" "Evaluation of Acupuncture Using fMRI and Ultrasonic Imaging" - Mallove murder Norwich 2004 court (historical record of Infinite Energy's later years)

Leads for review

1. The inventor's own work (Mallove, and the Correas whose work he reports)

• Where the 10/1 PAGD figure comes from (claim 1). In his letter of June 14, 2001, Mallove writes that he observed "an input DC power to the PAGD reactor of 50 watts, with an output motor power (mechanical shaft power) of approximately 500 watts". He says it was measured with "conventional electric meters, a digital storage oscilloscope, and a computer data acquisition system" during visits in August 2000 and March 2001. He adds that "no one else from Infinite Energy was with me". The letter does not say how the shaft power was measured. [web: https://www.eugenemallove.com/Letters/June_14_2001.html]
• The patent holders' own measurements (claim 1). US 5,449,989 reports battery-to-battery "breakeven efficiencies" of 228% to 906%, including 485.2% ± 18% (n=64) and a "surplus factor of 3.9x" (0.962 kWh vs 0.246 kWh over 18 minutes). The patent itself warns that reduced battery charge capacity can distort these values "by up to 10 fold". Patent family: US 5,416,391; US 5,449,989; US 5,502,354; WO 94/03918; WO 94/09560; GB 2,284,093; CA 2,141,309; CA 2,147,153; AU 5147693; IL 107285. [web: https://patents.google.com/patent/US5449989A/en]
• Tesla-coil monographs (claims 2-3). These are ABRI AS2-13, AS2-14 and AS2-16 (1999), with AS2-17A on "the indirect ORgone effect of Tesla radiation". AS2-15 is about magnetism, which resolves the S2-15/S2-16 confusion in the article's reference 5. They are collected in Experimental Aetherometry Vol. IIA and IIB (2003) and sold as paid downloads; not obtained. [web: https://www.aetherometry.com/correa_publications.php]
• Same-issue companion piece. The Correas' "A Short Appreciation of Nikola Tesla" appears in IE 48:40, the same issue as Mallove's article. Later Correa work on Tesla: J Aetherom Res 4(1):1-54 (2025). New PAGD work: "The PAGD Ping-Pong System", J Aetherom Res 4(9) (2026). [web: same URL]
• Mallove's own Reich replication (claim 4). Mallove states he observed the Reich-Einstein thermal anomaly "independently under careful conditions" at his New Energy Research Laboratory and would publish the results. No NERL publication found yet. [web: June 14, 2001 letter]
• Mallove's wider framing. His ICCF-10 paper (2003) sets PAGD beside the Graneau arc experiments (excess electrical energy "approaching 24%", published in a plasma physics journal), BlackLight Power and the Wallman/Dammann arcs. It says PAGD is "specified precisely enough" in the patents "so that others could verify it independently". [web: https://www.eugenemallove.com/Writings/lenr_excess_heat.html]

2. Supporting information by others

• Witnesses to PAGD and the Aether Motor. Mike Carrell (retired RCA engineer) saw an open-box PAGD demonstration in December 1999 and wrote IE 8(3):10-15 and the errata. Others: Uri Soudak (formerly of Israel Aircraft Industries), Prof. Arthur A. Axelrad (University of Toronto; Correa's former supervisor and friend; "not trained in this field"), Harold Aspden, and William Tiller ("Some Reflections on Gas Discharges and PAGD Pulses", 2001). Also W. Bahman, NET-Journal 1998 (German) and L. G. Sapogin, IE 20:48. All reach us through Correa-run sites. No independent, off-site measurement has been found. [web: https://www.aetherenergy.com/Letters/axelrad_letter.php ; https://www.aetherometry.com/Labofex_Plasma_Physics/Archive/CorreaPublicRefs.html]
• Acupuncture/fMRI (claim 5). The PNAS paper at 95:2670 (1998) is by Cho, Chung, Jones, Park, Park, Lee, Wong and Min. Mallove's reference names "So, Jones, Kidney, Saito" with a different title, so the reference does not match. Five authors retracted the paper in 2006 because they found "no point specificity, at least for pain and analgesic effects". "J. P. Jones, J. B. Park, and H. J. Park have not approved this retraction." Joie Jones, whom Mallove quotes, did not sign it. The retraction notice says nothing about a transmission-speed finding. [web: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0602520103]

3. Closely related work

• Graneau water-arc and air-arc excess-energy experiments; Wallman/Dammann underwater carbon arcs; BlackLight Power (Mills). Mallove groups all of these with PAGD. [web: lenr_excess_heat.html]
• Earlier work the Correas and Axelrad cite: Harold Aspden's 1969 "law of electrodynamics" and his anomalous cathode-reaction-force arguments; Ernesto Manuel's 1969 patent on externally pulsed abnormal glow (plastic coating of cans); Reich's orgone motor and thermal anomaly. [web: Axelrad letter]
• Skeptical Inquirer, Summer 1994 (Jeff Johnson). This is CSICOP's characterization of the International Tesla Society's Extraordinary Science Conference, and the article Mallove's side piece rebuts. [web: https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1994/07/22165128/p32.pdf]

4. Historical record (including absence of evidence)

• An off-site independent test was arranged but did not happen (claim 1). This is the main absence-of-evidence item.
• In 2002, SEAS Inc. (Steven Greer; Prof. Ted Loder, UNH) considered PAGD for its $1M Z-Prize. Mallove proposed a validation team, possibly including NASA or Naval Research Laboratory staff, plus off-site testing or a from-scratch replication funded by SEAS.
• The Correas refused NASA/Navy participants and refused to send equipment off site. They required testing "at our premises" and tied any test to $15-16M development funding (the "Azure" plan).
• The Z-Prize rules, as quoted, excluded torque-based claims under 10x because torque-to-wattage calculations "may be inaccurate by an order of magnitude".
• A meeting took place on November 16, 2002, in Concord, Ontario. No validation report has been found.
• Competing explanations to weigh: the inventors' commercial and trade-secret conditions; distrust of state agencies (the Correas cite an earlier DOE episode); the device could not be shown under independent conditions; lack of funding (Mallove wrote that the Correas had spent about $1.2M of their own money; Axelrad wrote in April 2002 that they were shutting the laboratory).
• Records that would decide between them: any SEAS or Loder evaluation notes, "the Berlin video", the NDA terms, and the Correas' later J Aetherom Res PAGD papers. [web: https://www.eugenemallove.com/emwords_SEAS.html ; Axelrad letter ; new_energy_FAQ.html]
• A Senate record (claim 1 context). S. Hrg. 107-564 is a field hearing of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, May 30, 2001, in Durham, NH. It carries a statement by Mallove and a briefing by Valone that cites PAGD (Proceedings of COFE, p.150). This is advocacy entered into a government record, not a test. [web: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-107shrg80649/html/CHRG-107shrg80649.htm]
• Demonstration history. The Correas met Mallove in Denver in 1996. Mallove sought funding through Cold Fusion Associates and CFTI (1997-99). Demonstrations: August 26-28, 2000 and March 2001. Investors briefed included Cavicchio, Entenmann, Thompson and O'Donnel. The Correas say Aether Motor demonstrations were always black-box. [web: https://www.eugenemallove.com/emwords_quest2.3.html]