Larson-Tyson · Source catalogue

A published US patent application (the claims are requested claims; the parent itself was abandoned on 3 Sep 2013 after no reply to an office action [web, via Investigator: Google Patents]. Its continuation-in-part, 2009/0090312, was granted as US 7,793,621 B2 on 14 Sep 2010). It describes a cell of interleaved stainless-steel plates (gap 0.05-1 in, preferred under 0.25 in; example 0.1765 in) immersed in water, fed 1-500 V (preferred 2-24 V; examples 5 V), AC, DC or pulsed. The plate stack is said to act as an RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit with resonating frequency f = 1/(RC) (50 Hz-40 kHz, preferred 1-22 kHz), which combines with the supply's 'intrinsic' frequency into a 'modifying frequency' that bends water's H-O-H angle away from 104.5 degrees (to over 104.5, over 109, or 'may be 180') without breaking O-H bonds. The resulting 'vapor' is collected in a pressure vessel at 1-100 psi, where the angle is said to be kept for 'several months'. Igniting it is said to revert the angle and release energy (sonic, mechanical, heat, chemical). The inventors hedge ('Without being bound by theory', 'For reasons not completely understood'). Three examples: (1) vapor at 35 psi regulated to 5 psi through a #00 cutting-torch tip cut thin titanium and nickel-plated steel and melted a tungsten rod; (2) vapor at 6 psi ran Honda GX340 and GX390 single-cylinder engines with carburetor removed and outside air excluded; (3) a Toyota FJ-40 (2F six-cylinder) with vapor inserted below the carburetor was switched from gasoline to vapor three times (Figs. 11-13), exhaust logged every 10 s with an IMR 2800A analyser. Generator for all: 4 chambers x 20 plates x 4 ft2, 5 V. Figs. 11-13 show O2 returning to about 20-20.8% and CO, CO2, HC falling to a few tenths of a percent after the switch. Reported only: voltage, pressure, exhaust-gas percentages. Not reported: current, power, frequency measured, vapor composition or volume, energy in or out, engine load or rpm, whether FJ-40 air intake stayed open, any steam or electrolysis-gas control. There are 31 claims (apparatus, method, 'a molecule comprising an unnatural bond angle', use as fuel). A long list (paragraphs 0063-0223) of contemplated applications (water treatment, replacing nuclear fuel rods, propulsion, military uses, breathing apparatus, 'Time/Space Continuum Phenomenon') is given without data. Internal inconsistencies noted by the deep reader: anode/cathode polarity in paragraph 0019 vs claim 2 are opposite; wavelength range 0.1-100 cm (about 0.3-300 GHz) vs '0 to 5 GHz'; reference-numeral slips. Interested-party note: authored by the inventors and assignee, so every description of what the vapor is or does is their characterization. Deep-reader arithmetic (not in the patent): parallel-plate RC = rho*eps_r*eps_0 is independent of area and gap, about 14 MHz for 100 ohm-m water, so the claimed 1-22 kHz is reached only with ultrapure water, unless electrode-interface effects are included. QE deep read (pp.16-19, 22-23). (a) Wiring: the examples say only 'four parallel chambers' ([0058]-[0059]); [0049] separates the water/vapour plumbing ('chambers can be arranged in parallel') from the electrical wiring ('power source ... attached to the plates of the different chambers in series or parallel as may suit the application'). The example's electrical wiring is therefore not stated: parallel gives 5 V per gap; series would give about 1.25 V per chamber (5/4), barely above water's 1.23 V reversible decomposition voltage [memory, high] (reader's arithmetic). No current is given. (b) Waveform of the '5 V' is not stated: [0024] allows AC or DC (standard outlet); [0026] continuous current or a duty cycle of 0.005-0.5, e.g. 2 ms on / 98 ms off (a 10 Hz repetition rate, reader's arithmetic), generated by a MOSFET array or SCR network, preferred battery-powered; [0051] 'pulse width modulated direct current of unequal pulse spacing'. (c) 'Intrinsic frequency' is never given a value; claim 1(a) ties it to the voltage source and current, [0021] says it differs from the resonance in 'frequency, amplitude, and cycle', and [0052]-[0053] say the two are 'combined or summated' into a 'modifying frequency'. The natural candidates are the pulse repetition rate (pulsed DC) or the mains frequency (AC), but the patent never says so, and for continuous DC it is undefined. (d) A second stated mechanism, [0050]-[0051]: electromagnetic radiation of 0.1-100 cm wavelength (preferred 1-50 cm), or 0-5 GHz (1.1 and 2.2 GHz named), applied through the current as pulse-width-modulated DC. (e) Applications list read in full (QE deep read, pp.20-22): entries that presuppose free O2 include [0145] Aircraft Oxygen Systems, [0146] Firefighter Breathing Apparatus, [0147] Portable Oxygen Apparatus, [0155] Tankless Underwater Breathing Apparatus, [0169] oxygen systems from water or ice, [0191] Atmospheric Oxygen Enrichment; entries reading as free H2 or separable gases include [0115] High Purity Gases, [0216] Down Hole Hydrogenation of Petroleum Products, [0118] Reductive Purification of Metals without Carbon, [0193]/[0195] nitrogen fixation and fertilizer; [0134] and [0223] speak of eliminating storage and transport of 'dangerous gases'; [0119] names 'Redox Reaction Chemistry'. Against these, [0170]-[0172] list 'Rocket Fuel-Non-explosive', 'Vehicle Fuel-Non-combustive' and 'Hydrocarbon Free Torpedo Propulsion'. The list thus points two ways (separable O2/H2 sources, or a stable non-combustible fuel) and the patent does not reconcile them; it is the inventors' own implicit characterization of the product's composition, and the grouping is the deep reader's inference. Also listed without data: 'Replacement of Nuclear Fuel Rods' [0113], 'Time/Space Continuum Phenomenon' [0125], 'Non-destructive Stun Grenade', 'Covert Naval Vessel Destruction'.

Key claims

• Passing current through interleaved plates in water, producing a resonating frequency f = 1/(RC) of 1-22 kHz combined with the supply's intrinsic frequency, bends the water molecule's bond angle away from 104.5 degrees without breaking O-H bonds.
• The resulting vapor with unnatural bond angles is a distinct substance from steam or electrolysis gas (H2/O2) and can be stored under 1-100 psi for months.
• Igniting the vapor reverts the bond angle and releases energy usable as fuel, using less energy than electrolysis and without toxic or greenhouse gases or consumption of atmospheric oxygen.
• A cutting torch fed with the vapor at 5 psi cut thin titanium and nickel-plated steel and melted tungsten.
• Honda GX340 and GX390 engines ran on the vapor alone with outside air excluded.
• A Toyota FJ-40 switched from gasoline to the vapor ran with exhaust O2 near 20% and CO, CO2 and hydrocarbons back to undetectable, in three runs (Figs. 11-13), and kept running with gasoline shut off.
• The 'intrinsic frequency' is the frequency 'generated by the power source' (claim 1(a)); the patent gives it no value, and the described sources are continuous DC, pulsed DC (e.g. 2 ms on / 98 ms off, 10 Hz), or AC mains.
• The bond angle can alternatively be changed by electromagnetic radiation of 0.1-100 cm wavelength or 0-5 GHz (1.1 and 2.2 GHz named), applied as pulse-width-modulated DC of unequal pulse spacing.
• The same example generator, 'four parallel chambers', was run at 5 V; whether the chambers were wired electrically in series (about 1.25 V per chamber) or parallel (5 V per gap) is not stated.

Relevance: The foundational patent application of the Realm Industries project (parent of the engine CIP). It contains the only stated mechanism, the examples, and the exhaust-gas data on which the project's claims rest. Its CIP was granted as US 7,793,621 B2 (14 Sep 2010; fourth-year maintenance fee paid 12 Mar 2014; lapsed 2018). EP 2209550 from the family was deemed withdrawn on 5 Jul 2013 [web, via Investigator: Google Patents]. The parent US application was abandoned on 3 Sep 2013.

Mainstream conflict: A water molecule's bond angle is set by its electronic structure, and the patent's stated mechanism (a kHz-range 'resonating frequency' bending the angle in the liquid and producing a stable 'vapor' whose reversion releases net energy) has no mainstream support; the document gives no measurement distinguishing the vapor from steam or H2/O2 electrolysis gas. Deep reader recorded that the described apparatus, products and combustion behaviour resemble an ordinary electrolysis cell [memory, high]. Judgement belongs to the reviewers. The patent's own applications list (free-O2 breathing and enrichment entries, hydrogenation, high-purity gases) is its authors' implicit characterization of the product as containing separable O2 and/or H2, which sits beside its claim that the product is not electrolysis gas; the patent does not reconcile the two.

A continuation-in-part that repeats the parent's description (RC circuit, plate cell, unnatural bond angle vapor, pressure vessel, same Examples 1-3 and Figs. 11-13) and adds an engine focus: introducing the vapor into engine cylinders to drive a piston, via intake valve, direct injection, or metered into the intake manifold by a mass flow controller; mixing with gasoline or diesel before or after the cylinder; generating the vapor on board the vehicle; a carburetor with a separate vapor inlet beside the fuel inlet (Fig. 14, inlet 1422, venturi 1424, air still entering); vapor replacing 0-100% of conventional fuel. A further statement (paragraph 0079): 'a vapor molecule to diesel fuel ratio of 60:40 and even up to 70:30 still allowed the diesel fuel to combust upon compression', with no data, engine, date or method. Claims 1-23 are method and vehicle claims; claim 22 specifies water with bond angle over about 104.5 degrees. Deep reader's reading of Figs. 11-13 (values approximate, plus or minus 0.3 points): on gasoline O2 falls to 1-4%, CO 5-10% (flat at exactly 10.00 for about 8 min in Fig. 11 and about 10% in Fig. 13, which looks like analyser range saturation), CO2 11-19%; after the switch O2 rises to about 20.0-20.8%, CO2 to 0.2-0.6%, CO to 0-0.4%; on engine-off O2 steps up to about 21.0%. Hydrocarbons, plotted in percent and peaking near 9%, appear only in Fig. 11; units ambiguous. Text-versus-graph discrepancies: Fig. 13 gasoline phase is stated as samples 1-36 but the graph shows it lasting to about 51; CO is stated as 'exceeding 5%' but reaches about 10%; 'undetectable' for the vapor phase does not match plotted traces of 0.2-0.6% in Figs. 12-13; 'unchanged' on engine-off does not match the O2 step of 0.3-1.0 points. CO2 of about 18-19% on gasoline (Fig. 12; Fig. 13 spike) exceeds the roughly 14.5-15.5% maximum for gasoline burned in air [memory, high], an anomaly the patent does not discuss. The figure list calls Fig. 12 'another automobile' while paragraph 0073 calls it a repeat of the FJ-40 run. Deep reader: the graphs cannot distinguish an engine sustained by the vapor from an engine drawing air through with little combustion, because the FJ-40 text does not say the air intake was blocked and no rpm, load, flow or power is given; the claim that the engine 'was still running' rests on the text alone. No test date, location, operator or witness is named. Interested-party note: the test descriptions are the applicants' own. QE deep read (pp.27-32, extracted text): [0075]-[0090] describe the vapor as replacing 0-100% of conventional fuel, delivered by free flow into the intake manifold, direct injection, or metering with air/fuel; [0078]-[0082] and [0085] say air is always drawn in with the vapor on the carburetor and intake routes; [0083]-[0084] allow the fuel to be shut off so the vehicle runs 'solely' on the vapor. The only explicit no-outside-air mode is the Honda GX 340/390 statement at [0071] (no data). Of claims 1-23 only independent claim 1 recites air (metered by a second mass flow controller, mixed with the vapor and 'a fuel'); independent claims 2, 12, 13 and 21 do not mention air or a conventional fuel, claims 9-11 and 15-16 require 'a fuel', and no claim excludes air. The claims therefore do not claim the 'no outside air' mode described in the text. No numerical engine data appear beyond Figs. 11-13: the diesel 60:40/70:30 sentence ([0079]) has no engine, load, date or measurement, and no power, torque, rpm, fuel flow, efficiency or independent test is given. The application list ([0097]-[0257]) repeats the parent's. The deep reader did not read the granted US 7,793,621 claim 1; the Investigator reports that it requires metered air and a fuel, which would match CIP claim 1 [web, via Investigator; the claim text is not confirmed by the project reviewers]. OCR slip: claim 6 reads 'claim 37' (context says claim 3). This CIP was granted as US 7,793,621 B2 on 14 Sep 2010; fee paid 12 Mar 2014; lapsed 2018 [web, via Investigator].

Key claims

• Introducing water vapor with unnatural bond angles (over about 104.5 degrees) into an engine cylinder can drive a piston, as a replacement for 0-100% of conventional fuel.
• A Toyota FJ-40 running on gasoline then switched to the vapor produced exhaust with about 20% O2 and undetectable CO, CO2 and hydrocarbons while still running, in three repeated runs.
• A vapor-to-diesel ratio of 60:40 and even 70:30 still allowed diesel to combust on compression.
• Single-cylinder Honda GX340 and GX390 engines started and ran on the vapor with no outside air or extra fuel.
• Of the 23 claims, only claim 1 recites metered air and a fuel; claims 2, 12, 13 and 21 recite neither, and no claim excludes outside air.

Relevance: Applies the parent's vapor to engines and is the document on which the engine-fuel claims and exhaust data (Figs. 11-13) are read most closely. Names Realm Industries and the same two inventors who appear in the 2010 newspaper reports.

Mainstream conflict: Same as the parent: an engine running on 'water vapor' with no net chemical fuel conflicts with energy conservation unless the vapor carries stored energy, and no energy balance is given. The oxygen-rich exhaust data are open to the alternative reading that air was being pumped through a barely firing engine; the deep reader recorded this as an ambiguity, not a finding.

Newspaper report, 4 pages (page 4 is navigation/footer). A man was killed on Thursday 17 June 2010 in an explosion at Realm Industries, 480 E. Easy Street, Simi Valley, described as an alternative fuel business. About 18 months earlier (December 2008) a similar but much smaller incident occurred at the same business in a nearby building, when the top of a hydrogen cylinder blew off and one person may have been injured. Ventura County Fire Department responded about 1:15 p.m.; the blast partly collapsed the building and punched a hole through the roof; businesses within a half-mile were evacuated for fear of a second explosion. The article says the cause is under investigation and that 'Authorities were told it was a water-based explosion, and that the company's work involved extracting hydrogen from water to make fuel'; it does not say who told them (not Capt. Ron Oatman, not a named company representative, not a named source). A SWAT team training nearby responded first. Only three people were in the building: two declined treatment and walked out; firefighters found the third dead. The name was not released. Building owner Debbie Shell, 46, said the business had been there about a year. The article states that a patent filed in March 2009 lists Realm Industries as applicant and William Stehl and Tyson Larson as applicants and inventors, relating to generating energy from fluids such as water as an alternative fuel. Witnesses (truck driver Brian Westerhouse, 42; Rod Lavender, 49; Karl Hedding of neighbouring Servpro; Fae Henson of Ventura Technology Group) described a very loud blast. Attribution (deep read, pp.1-3): the reporter is Cheri Carlson. Capt. Ron Oatman (Ventura County Fire Department) is paraphrased on timing, the December 2008 incident ('a much lower magnitude', in a different nearby building) and the search; he says nothing about cause. The 2008 hydrogen-cylinder detail ('top of a hydrogen cylinder blew off', one person may have been injured) is 'initial reports', unattributed. No Realm Industries employee, owner, Larson or Stehl is quoted or stated to have been contacted; only a relative and a friend of the owner appear in photo captions, unnamed and unquoted. Debbie Shell is the building owner, not a Realm spokesperson. Witnesses speak only to the sound and effects. The deceased is not named, and the article does not say whether he was an inventor or employee (the Simi Valley Acorn of 25 Jun 2010 names co-inventor Tyson Larson, 28, as the victim [web: https://www.simivalleyacorn.com/articles/still-no-official-cause-of-explosion-on-easy-street/]). The 'extracting hydrogen from water' description is second-hand and unattributed, and is not shown to be the company's or inventors' own wording; if it came from company personnel it would be closer to an inventor-side description, but the article does not say. Later records (outside this folder, via Investigator): the Simi Valley Acorn says the Dec 2008 tank imploded due to mechanical valve failure; Fire Engineering (2014), citing a Strategic Sciences/EPA report, says at least four explosions, including two unreported in 2008; a further explosion at Sylmar on 9 Aug 2011.

Key claims

• On 17 June 2010 an explosion at Realm Industries in Simi Valley killed one person.
• Authorities 'were told' (source unnamed) that it was a water-based explosion and that the company's work involved extracting hydrogen from water to make fuel; the cause was under investigation.
• An earlier, smaller explosion involving a hydrogen cylinder occurred at the same business in December 2008 (initial reports, unattributed).
• The business's patent filing lists William Stehl and Tyson Larson as inventors.

Relevance: The only independent record in the folder. It documents that the Realm Industries work involved pressurised gas that exploded fatally. Its description of the process as hydrogen extraction from water is relayed second-hand from an unnamed source, not attributed to authorities, the reporter or the company.

Mainstream conflict: none (news report). Its 'extracting hydrogen from water' description differs from the patent's claim that the vapor is not ordinary electrolysis hydrogen; it is an unattributed second-hand description and should be weighed as such.

A 2-page print of the same Ventura County Star article of 17 June 2010 as the 4-page file. The digest shows the same facts: fatal explosion at Realm Industries (480 E. Easy Street), partial collapse and roof hole, half-mile evacuation, cause under investigation, with 'Authorities were told' it was a water-based explosion from extracting hydrogen from water (source unnamed), December 2008 earlier incident, three people in the building, the March 2009 patent naming Stehl and Larson, and witness accounts. This copy does not add facts beyond the 4-page version.

Key claims

• On 17 June 2010 an explosion at Realm Industries in Simi Valley killed one person.
• Authorities 'were told' (source unnamed) the cause was a water-based explosion linked to extracting hydrogen from water; the cause was under investigation.

Relevance: Duplicate copy of the preceding article; kept as a separate manifest entry.

Mainstream conflict: none