RankingsPrimerArbiterPhysicistMathematicianContrarianQESites logClaimsSourcesResearch notes

2026-10-09 Google searches (Chrome) and smaller sites

Web time for the run: about 9.5 minutes (date +%s start 1791530398; last web call at +567 s). Chrome tab opened and closed by this agent; the owner's tab untouched.

Google queries (all in Chrome)

  1. Sommerfeld "Atombau und Spektrallinien" 1922 third edition archive.org -> MPRL chapter (Eckert), Eckert EPJH PDF, UFN/arXiv "Old quantum mechanics ... modern perspective", archive.org English 1923 copy, Pitt HPS 2532 resource list (Norton).
  2. Gehrcke Lau hydrogen fine structure Sommerfeld relativity 1920 anti-relativist -> Vickers "Historical Magic in Old Quantum Theory" (Durham, blocked), archive.org 1923 PDF, Einstein's Opponents (Wazeck; Scribd copy, not opened: Gehrcke's newspaper-clipping collection), others truncated.
  3. "Sommerfeld puzzle" fine structure formula Dirac coincidence old quantum theory -> arXiv 2506.00408, Vickers 2018 (PMC), Suslov arXiv 2401.07485.
  4. Sommerfeld Briefwechsel online Paschen Feinstruktur 1915 Deutsches Museum Sommerfeld-Projekt -> Deutsches Museum Digital (Briefwechsel mit Arnold Sommerfeld, NL 053/1127; not opened), Google Books (Wissenschaftlicher Briefwechsel, ed. Eckert and Märker, 2000), Sommerfeld-Projekt, BAdW 1915 Sitzungsbericht, INIS 2013 record, EPJH Pérez 2016.
  5. Kragh "fine structure of hydrogen and the gross structure of the physics community" 1916-26 Robotti 1986 -> citations only (Kragh 1985 HSPS 15:67-125).
  6. Houston 1937 Williams 1938 Pasternack hydrogen H-alpha fine structure discrepancy before Lamb shift history -> Wikipedia "Lamb shift" ("In the early 1930s, several experimental groups observed discrepancies in the fine structure of hydrogen..."), Lamb and Retherford 1950 Part I (UMD and ELTE PDFs: "work of Houston and Williams indicated rather probable discrepancies between theory and experiment. Pasternack had shown that these could be explained" [web, Google snippet]; scripted downloads returned HTML), APS Physics "Quantum Milestones 1947" (Lindley 2025), Univ. Washington Phys 432 notes citing Williams 1938.
  7. site:nobelprize.org nomination archive "Arnold Sommerfeld" nominee -> snippets: Sommerfeld "Nominee in 84 nominations"; nominator for Planck (1918) and Einstein (1922); nominations e.g. Physics 1919 (by Max von Laue), 1926 (jointly with Friedrich Paschen), 1930, 1934 (by Dirk Coster), 1937, 1950 [web, Google snippets of nobelprize.org]. Opening a nomination page from the results did not navigate; the nomination texts were not read.
  8. Gehrcke Lau Feinstruktur Wasserstoff Relativitätstheorie Abraham starres Elektron 1921 1924 -> only a Princeton CPAE (Einstein papers) bibliography PDF listing Gehrcke 1920 items (scripted fetch refused); Stern-Gerlach history.
  9. "Lau" "Feinstruktur" Wasserstofflinien Bericht 1924 Physikalische Zeitschrift Feinstrukturkonstante -> nothing relevant (LMU thesis on Walther Gerlach, Huber 2014, noted).
  10. Ishiwara 1915 Wilson quantum condition phase integral independent of Sommerfeld history -> arXiv 1708.04676, Wikipedia Jun Ishiwara, J-Stage paper on Ishiwara, Duncan and Janssen PhilSci 2020, Am. J. Phys. 2014 "Sommerfeld's elliptical atomic orbits revisited".
  11. Paschen 1916 He+ 4686 fine structure reanalysis spin Dirac agreement Sommerfeld "wrong reasons" -> Kragh 2025 (Il Nuovo Saggiatore), ResearchGate "Fine-Structure Constant from Sommerfeld to Feynman", Cornell (Wayne) PDF, epdf copy of Pais Niels Bohr's Times (Bohr to Sommerfeld March 1916: "I do not believe ever to have read anything with more joy than your beautiful work").
  12. jstor Kragh 1985 "The Fine Structure of Hydrogen and the Gross Structure of the Physics Community" -> JSTOR stable 10.2307/27757550 (paywalled); a shadow-library copy was listed and not used.
  13. Robotti 1986 hydrogen fine structure Paschen Sommerfeld history article -> Robotti, N. (1986) "The Hydrogen Spectroscopy..." (title truncated); arXiv 1902.09612 (Weber hydrogen); Indian Academy "The Fine Structure Constant" (Nath 2015).

Smaller sites

  • de.wikipedia.org, "Ernst Gehrcke" (API fetch) [web]: Gehrcke (d. 1960) worked at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt 1901-1946 and "zählte neben Paul Weyland, Philipp Lenard und Johannes Stark zu den bekanntesten Antirelativisten"; collected newspaper clippings on Einstein, basis of his "Massensuggestion der Relativitätstheorie"; wrote Kritik der Relativitätstheorie. His NDB entry is by Ernst Lau, his co-author. (The deutsche-biographie.de URL guessed by script returned a different person; not retried.)
  • Durham Research Online (Vickers, "Historical Magic in Old Quantum Theory?"): blocked (Cloudflare "Performing security verification" in Chrome; HTML by script).
  • INIS-IAEA record 23n7y-9rk93: blocked (Cloudflare, scripted fetch); not tried in Chrome.
  • Princeton University Press CPAE bibliography (assets.press.princeton.edu/books/c_biblio.pdf): scripted fetch refused; not tried in Chrome.