2026-10-04 IOPscience, via Chrome

Godyak, V. and Alexandrovich, B., "Langmuir paradox revisited", Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 24, 052001 (fast track communication), 20 Aug 2015. DOI 10.1088/0963-0252/24/5/052001 [web] https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0963-0252/24/5/052001 The abstract was read from a screenshot (a cookie banner was present and left untouched). Electron energy distribution functions were measured in dc positive columns "under the condition of the Langmuir paradox (1 and 3 mTorr of argon gas)" with a high-resolution probe system. They found "an essential deviation" from Maxwellian for both slow and fast electrons. The low-energy peaks are attributed to non-local electron kinetics in an axially non-uniform field caused by standing striations. The academia.edu summary says the findings "challenge the universality of the Langmuir paradox" and suggests the original conclusion may rest on older techniques (that is the summary's characterization). An author copy is probably at plasmasensors.com/publications (not opened). Bearing on claim 5: evidence against the premise. Modern high-resolution probes may not see the Maxwellian that created the paradox, at least in argon positive columns. This is not the 1929 mercury-arc setup.